The Benefits Of Music Therapy Essay - 1342 Words

The Unbeknownst Benefits of Music Therapy Music therapy, a clinical use of music interventions to accomplish therapeutic goals, involves a broad range of activities including playing an instrument, singing, or listening to music. Similar to occupational and physical therapy, this expressive arts therapy remedies psychological conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or hypertension to maintain the well-being of an individual. Likewise, music has been a therapeutic tool that has shown positive effects to parts of the brain including regions involved in emotion, sensation, movement, and cognition. Although music therapy is a somewhat new-found treatment, it is used prominently today. Administered by a trained therapist, this type of therapy is used in correctional facilities, nursing homes, hospices, and special education schools. Although music therapy is a somewhat modern discovery, its formation was many years in the making. In the early 1800s, the therapeutic value of music appeare d in two medical journals by Edwin Atlee and Samuel Mathews. Both contributors were students of physician and psychiatrist, Dr. Benjamin Rush, a strong advocate of music therapy for medical diseases. However, during the 1800s, the first recorded music therapy intervention in an institutional setting occurred, as well as the first recorded systematic experiment in music therapy. Nonetheless, music therapy was formally instituted in the United States in the 1920s when musicians played forShow MoreRelatedMusic Therapy: What Are the Benefits?1193 Words   |  5 Pagesalternative is music therapy. Music therapy is used address health issues regarding their physical and emotional health. The therapist meets with a patient to learn about their strengths and weaknesses before creating a customized treatment plan. Some methods of treatment include singing, playing with instruments and listening to music. These methods of treatment in turn help the patients learn different skills that can al so be used to improve their daily lives. Research shows that music therapy has multipleRead MoreBenefits Of Music Therapy On Children Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesBenefits of Music Therapy in Autistic children Benefits of Music Therapy in Autistic children Literature Review Zuleima Haskins â€Æ' Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of conditions of the brain development. (Vries, 2015). The main characteristic of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is that they have difficulties to adapt and interact with other people. Also, individuals with Autism have problems with their development of verbal and nonverbal communicationRead MoreReducing the Aches and Pains of Life with Music Therapy1286 Words   |  5 PagesTherapeutic use of music is also extremely effective at reducing the everyday aches and pains that humans experience. Slow and methodical music slows the brain waves and helps the muscles in our body to relax, reducing muscle pain (Coleman). A significant amount of today’s population also experiences depression in some shape way or form and music therapy has been proven to be one of the most successful ways to help patients cope with depression. â€Å"Individual music therapy combined with standardRead MoreMusic Therapy And Its Effects854 Wo rds   |  4 PagesMusic therapy is not currently a widely recognized option of treatment. If an individual goes to see a healthcare professional nowadays, it would be highly unlikely that that individual would receive a recommendation for music therapy treatment. Yet, music therapy is an established field of medical science that dates back to the time of the ancient Greeks. So, what is music therapy? Music therapy is defined as â€Å"treatment including creating, singing, moving to, and/or listening to music† (â€Å"What isRead MoreMusic Therapy Has Been Used For Many Years1629 Words   |  7 PagesMusic Therapy is a branch of therapy where music is used to benefit individuals. Qualified music therapists work with many different types of people and introduce them to music in order to help them. Individuals must go through schooling to become music therapists. Patients create music, sing, and listen to music. Music therapist are professionally trained and are able to use m usic to help those affected by mental illness, physical pain, and disabilities. Music has many affects on the brain. MusicRead MoreWhy Does Music Move Us?1099 Words   |  5 Pagesstyles and soothing melodies, but why? A number of recent research studies have shown that music has a unique and profound effect on the brain. In the article, â€Å"Why Does Music Move Us?†, Douglas McClennan claims that, as human beings, we are attracted to music and art for reasons other than entertainment. Researchers have studied the human attraction to music and there appears to be a connection between music and man rooted deep in the brain, but it is unknown as to why the brain responds as suchRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Children With Autism1406 Words   |  6 Pages There are multiple ways to heal and multiple benefits that come out of healing. One of those healing methods is Music Therapy. Music Therapy has been shown to help many people of all age groups, a specific group being children with autism. It helps benefit children with autism by improving their communication and social skills. Just simply listening to music calms and puts the brain at ease. Music Therapy is beneficial to this specific group because though they may have deficits socially, they showRead MoreDifferent Styles Of Music Therapy828 Words   |  4 Pages Moreover, music therapy also has many benefits for PTSD, ASD and TBI victims. Music therapy can help PTSD and ASD patients expand their concentration levels. After experiencing a trauma many people have difficulty focusing on different things due to anxiety. Some research has shown that, military patients have done increasingly well on attention span tests (Kaplan). Some forms of music therapy consist of writing lyrics, which can help with expression and depression. Therapists have likewise usedRead MoreIs Music Therapy Beneficial?768 Words   |  4 PagesTherapy can consist of a vast number of interventions. Some can be as simple as the presence of music. Especially when dealing with patients experiencing bouts of mental illness. This article provides specific insight in regards to whether music throughout therapy is beneficial to those experiencing forms of dementia. According to, Sherrati, Thorton Hatton, p. 13, (2004), â€Å"The use of the term music in this paper refers to a variety of music interventions (eg. listening to music), whereas the termsRead MoreTherapies For Autistic Children.Individuals Take For Granted1678 Words   |  7 PagesTherapies for Autistic Children Individuals take for granted the luxury of embodying qualities such as communication, interaction, and social and motor skills. Although, individuals may determine the aforementioned skills are more difficult to obtain because of a disability. Autism or autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder that effects many children in the United States of America. Communication, interaction, and motor and social skills are usually effected in the autistic child.

Career Development Plan For A Career Plan - 2386 Words

Career Development Plan The fundamental role of any aspiring professional is the development of a distinctive career plan. Although the development of a career plan may seem simple but it does require careful thoughtful planning and effort. Determining career goals and objectives, allows for the assessment of current skills, talents, and the realistic ability to attain the predetermined goals at the end of the plan. The goals determined in a career plan should be achievable and considered the starting point of any achievable plan. As a graduate student, it would be imperative to begin to develop a career plan that includes an assessment of my skills and abilities. My personal goals may include to become a nursing leader in my community. My educational goals include to have a doctorate degree in nursing. Last, professionally my goal is to aspire a highly position in my nursing career. Through the development of this Career Development Plan would allow for a clear direction in attaining my personal, educatio nal, and professional goals. A Description of Current Position Currently, I work as a nursing instructor, teaching at a local educational institute in the practical nurse program. This practical nursing program is designed as an intensive accelerated program with each class lasting approximately ten weeks per term. I do not teach a specific subject matter in the program. Depending on the term, I might teach Fundamental of Nursing and lab simulation, Medical-Surgery andShow MoreRelatedCareer Plan For A Career Development Plan1228 Words   |  5 Pages Career Development Plan Vivian Morgan A career development plan will help you improve or maintain your current level of success and prepare for future opportunities. The career development plan will aid in enhancing my personal growth and heighten my career development. Goals or plans give you the push to move forward in life and to seek better skills that lead to top jobs and positions. This plan includes sections for the following process: 1. Assess my current state. Identify goals and objectivesRead MoreCareer Development Plan For A Career Plan2386 Words   |  10 PagesCareer Development Plan The fundamental role of any aspiring professional is the development of a distinctive career plan. Although the development of a career plan may seem simple but it does require careful thoughtful planning and effort. Determining career goals and objectives, allows for the assessment of current skills, talents, and the realistic ability to attain the predetermined goals at the end of the plan. The goals determined in a career plan should be achievable and considered the startingRead MoreCareer Plan For A Career Development1706 Words   |  7 Pagesin coaching and teaching people how to become and remain successful leaders. This is equate to putting the cart before the horse, as students need to first plan on having a successful career before planning on extending their vocation into a formal leadership role in their organization. Hansen and Tovar (2013) suggested that career development, and subsequently becoming a good leader, is a lifelong process that requires the motivation to continue to grow by taking a methodical approach into theirRead MoreCareer Development Plan1719 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: Career Development Plan Career Development Plan Part II - Development of a Training and Mentoring Program Chentrell M. Williams, MPA Human Capital Management – HRM 531 University of Phoenix Career Development Plan Part II - Development of a Training and Mentoring Program On February 22, 2005, InterClean, Inc. became a major force in the sanitation industry after acquiring a key competitor, EnviroTech. The company established a new strategicRead MoreCareer Development Plan2558 Words   |  11 PagesCareer Development Plan Summary HRM/531 August 16, 2010 Abstract Career development plans are essential within a successful organization. Career plans allows the organization to both actively manage employee career progression, but also empower the organizations employees with active career management assets. Kudler Fine Foods to maintain sustainable growth and additional success must make an investment in the organizations employees to reach the organizations strategic goals, and objectivesRead MoreCareer Development Plan2316 Words   |  10 PagesCareer Development Plan Summary In response to a directive by the County Manager this Career Development Plan is intended to provide information for employee development needed to fulfill five new job categories. The plan calls for an analysis of the new positions and to develop strategies to maximize employee diversity, team performance evaluation, health benefits and incentives, and cost savings training alternatives. The new job descriptions are intended to fulfill all technology needs andRead MoreCareer Development Plan1537 Words   |  7 PagesCareer Development Plan Part II Training amp; Mentoring Program Leon Stovall University of Phoenix MEMORANDUM FOR CEO InterClean Inc. FROM: Sales Manager SUBJECT: Sales Team Training amp; Mentoring Plan As a result of the recent selection of our new sales team, I have created a training and mentoring plan. I have attached to this memo a training plan which outlines topics such as, new training and mentoring needs, objectives of the program, performance standards, delivery methodsRead MoreCareer Plan For Training And Career Development1384 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to present a career plan using lessons learned on training and career development. It will reveal various skills, training, and recommendations for work-life balances needed to pursue and achieve career objectives. â€Æ' Individual Career Plan When deciding on a career plan, I think it is most important to list the activities that are of interests to do in service of finding a path that suits you best. For the past few years, I have gone back and forth about what I wantedRead MoreCareer Plan For A Professional Development Plan1109 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Development Plan The purpose of this professional development plan is to introduce my counselor identity, my plans for professional development, my clinical and academic training schedule and finally my plans for credentialing in the State of Maryland. I am currently seeking an MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling with an anticipated graduation date of May, 2020. This professional development plan was written on September 27, 2017. Counselor Identity Statement I accept those aroundRead MoreCareer Development Plan Summary1639 Words   |  7 PagesCareer Development Plan Summary Tool Distributors, Inc. Career Development Plan Summary Tool Distributors, Inc. As you all know, Tool Distributors, Inc. has recently experienced considerable growth and members of executive management have asked for the restructuring of the financial department. The finance department has been asked not only to assume additional responsibilities but also initiate the hiring of additional team members. This report will introduce five new positions to the team Career Development Plan For A Career Plan - 2386 Words Career Development Plan The fundamental role of any aspiring professional is the development of a distinctive career plan. Although the development of a career plan may seem simple but it does require careful thoughtful planning and effort. Determining career goals and objectives, allows for the assessment of current skills, talents, and the realistic ability to attain the predetermined goals at the end of the plan. The goals determined in a career plan should be achievable and considered the starting point of any achievable plan. As a graduate student, it would be imperative to begin to develop a career plan that includes an assessment of my skills and abilities. My personal goals may include to become a nursing leader in my community. My educational goals include to have a doctorate degree in nursing. Last, professionally my goal is to aspire a highly position in my nursing career. Through the development of this Career Development Plan would allow for a clear direction in attaining my personal, educatio nal, and professional goals. A Description of Current Position Currently, I work as a nursing instructor, teaching at a local educational institute in the practical nurse program. This practical nursing program is designed as an intensive accelerated program with each class lasting approximately ten weeks per term. I do not teach a specific subject matter in the program. Depending on the term, I might teach Fundamental of Nursing and lab simulation, Medical-Surgery andShow MoreRelatedCareer Plan For A Career Development Plan1228 Words   |  5 Pages Career Development Plan Vivian Morgan A career development plan will help you improve or maintain your current level of success and prepare for future opportunities. The career development plan will aid in enhancing my personal growth and heighten my career development. Goals or plans give you the push to move forward in life and to seek better skills that lead to top jobs and positions. This plan includes sections for the following process: 1. Assess my current state. Identify goals and objectivesRead MoreCareer Development Plan For A Career Plan2386 Words   |  10 PagesCareer Development Plan The fundamental role of any aspiring professional is the development of a distinctive career plan. Although the development of a career plan may seem simple but it does require careful thoughtful planning and effort. Determining career goals and objectives, allows for the assessment of current skills, talents, and the realistic ability to attain the predetermined goals at the end of the plan. The goals determined in a career plan should be achievable and considered the startingRead MoreCareer Plan For A Career Development1706 Words   |  7 Pagesin coaching and teaching people how to become and remain successful leaders. This is equate to putting the cart before the horse, as students need to first plan on having a successful career before planning on extending their vocation into a formal leadership role in their organization. Hansen and Tovar (2013) suggested that career development, and subsequently becoming a good leader, is a lifelong process that requires the motivation to continue to grow by taking a methodical approach into theirRead MoreCareer Development Plan1719 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: Career Development Plan Career Development Plan Part II - Development of a Training and Mentoring Program Chentrell M. Williams, MPA Human Capital Management – HRM 531 University of Phoenix Career Development Plan Part II - Development of a Training and Mentoring Program On February 22, 2005, InterClean, Inc. became a major force in the sanitation industry after acquiring a key competitor, EnviroTech. The company established a new strategicRead MoreCareer Development Plan2558 Words   |  11 PagesCareer Development Plan Summary HRM/531 August 16, 2010 Abstract Career development plans are essential within a successful organization. Career plans allows the organization to both actively manage employee career progression, but also empower the organizations employees with active career management assets. Kudler Fine Foods to maintain sustainable growth and additional success must make an investment in the organizations employees to reach the organizations strategic goals, and objectivesRead MoreCareer Development Plan2316 Words   |  10 PagesCareer Development Plan Summary In response to a directive by the County Manager this Career Development Plan is intended to provide information for employee development needed to fulfill five new job categories. The plan calls for an analysis of the new positions and to develop strategies to maximize employee diversity, team performance evaluation, health benefits and incentives, and cost savings training alternatives. The new job descriptions are intended to fulfill all technology needs andRead MoreCareer Development Plan1537 Words   |  7 PagesCareer Development Plan Part II Training amp; Mentoring Program Leon Stovall University of Phoenix MEMORANDUM FOR CEO InterClean Inc. FROM: Sales Manager SUBJECT: Sales Team Training amp; Mentoring Plan As a result of the recent selection of our new sales team, I have created a training and mentoring plan. I have attached to this memo a training plan which outlines topics such as, new training and mentoring needs, objectives of the program, performance standards, delivery methodsRead MoreCareer Plan For Training And Career Development1384 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to present a career plan using lessons learned on training and career development. It will reveal various skills, training, and recommendations for work-life balances needed to pursue and achieve career objectives. â€Æ' Individual Career Plan When deciding on a career plan, I think it is most important to list the activities that are of interests to do in service of finding a path that suits you best. For the past few years, I have gone back and forth about what I wantedRead MoreCareer Plan For A Professional Development Plan1109 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Development Plan The purpose of this professional development plan is to introduce my counselor identity, my plans for professional development, my clinical and academic training schedule and finally my plans for credentialing in the State of Maryland. I am currently seeking an MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling with an anticipated graduation date of May, 2020. This professional development plan was written on September 27, 2017. Counselor Identity Statement I accept those aroundRead MoreCareer Development Plan Summary1639 Words   |  7 PagesCareer Development Plan Summary Tool Distributors, Inc. Career Development Plan Summary Tool Distributors, Inc. As you all know, Tool Distributors, Inc. has recently experienced considerable growth and members of executive management have asked for the restructuring of the financial department. The finance department has been asked not only to assume additional responsibilities but also initiate the hiring of additional team members. This report will introduce five new positions to the team

Internet Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Internet Persuasive Essay The internet was created for the cold war, in the event that the U.S. were attacked, there would be no communication among the nations leaders, because traditional communication would be disrupted by a nuclear blast. Since that time, the internet survived only though commercialization, the original form of the internet was scrapped when the cold war ended. Now, with this medium in the hands of anyone who wants to pay for service, the Internet has exploded with controversial materials that some people think should be censored. When I started this project, I asked the question should the Internet be regulated and if so, how and why? First we’ll look at why the Internet needs regulation, Then how would our government go about doing so? There are several issues that are controversial with the internet. There is pornography, racism, and hate material floating around out there that is accessiable to children all too easily. For the purposes of this paper, I will only discuss the por nography issue, since talking about all of the censorship issues would take more than a short research paper to discuss. In early 1995, a research team at the Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania released one of the most revealing studies into online pornography. The value of study titled â€Å"marketing Pornography on the information superhighway† is realized mainly due to its massive sample size. There are several issues about pornography on the internet that were highlighted by the study. The research team surveyed 917,410 â€Å"sexually explicit pictures, descriptions, short stories and film clips†. Of special intrest were usenet newsgroups, which are basically electronic forums. It was found that 83.5 percent of the digitized images stored on these newsgroups were pornographic pictures. This finding indicates that there clearly is a substantial amout of pornography on the net. However, this doesn’t answer the question, how easy is it to fi nd? In the same study, The student used a search engine called â€Å"Altavista†, typed in the keyword â€Å"sex†, and 616,156 matches were returned. Of the first 20 only 2 links were pornographic sites. Next, on the same search engine, the keyword â€Å"tits† was typed in and 69,920 links were returned. Of the first 20 of these links 17 were to pornographic sites. After looking into one of the sites listed, it was clear that is was used for exchanging child porn. This shows that it is likely that a minor would come across these sites because of their juvinile desire to look up dirty words. Just like an elementary school kid would look up â€Å"cuss† words in the dictionary. Porn is no longer just â€Å"Playboy† like photos. We have enterd an age where there is a high demand for â€Å"pedophilia† (nude photos of children), â€Å"hebephilia† (youths) and what’s called â€Å"paraphilia† (a grab bag of deviant material that includes images of bondage sadomasochism, urination, defication and sex act with barn yard animals). People who are against censorship of the internet often argue that it would make no difference because obscene material is avalible outside of the internet , even to children. On the internet, childer can be exposed to material even the most adventuresome kid would never get into with out it. That argument is no valid anymore. Bibliography:

(De)Mystifying Gustav Lebon’s Irrational Crowd Essay Sample free essay sample

The topic of mass motion or herd behaviour and action has long been a combative point for bookmans. On the one manus. there are those who consider such motions as symptoms of the built-in pathology in human nature. of the failure of civilization to repress the basic inherent aptitudes that make humans no lesser than animate beings. On the other manus. there are bookmans who contend that human existences non merely retain their humanity but in fact preserve it by their ability to work en masse to accomplish common ends and ideals. In supplying a model for the survey of the behaviour of mass motions. Gustav Lebon’s work on group psychological science continues to vibrate among bookmans who have put his work to utilize either by wholly exposing his claims or raising grounds to back up them. However. a reading of Lebon’s chief averment clearly raises more inquiries than replies as he fails to confirm his claims logically and hence fails to light the critical audience on the behaviour of the rabble. Gustav Lebon’s chief theoretical point is encapsulated in his seminal workThe Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind.Published in 1895. Lebon’s work on crowd psychological science became popular and influential among solons and bookmans likewise. Here. Lebon argued that the crowd will ever be inferior to the person. The crowd is the probationary being created when persons become organized for a end or a cause. ( 122 ) However. this being is defined by its stark contrast to persons. that is. the crowd is incapable of critical analysis and logical logical thinking therefore doing them vulnerable to stimulation from the intrigues of provocateurs and the fascination of illusory and abstract thoughts. Using this model. Lebon attempts to explicate the behaviour of historical mass motions such as the Gallic revolution and organize his primary thesis of â€Å"the jurisprudence of mental integrity of the crowd. † This jurisprudence stipulates that the â€Å"minds of crowds† ( 122 ) are organized harmonizing to race. composing. and the nature of the stimulation. Lebon farther argues that the crowd. as a probationary being. has wholly different features from the persons that form it since rank in a crowd dissolves the witting personality of persons. Therefore. the features of the crowd do non depend on the accretion of the positive traits or values of the person. On the contrary. the crowd brings out the built-in attitudes. values. and motivations of persons that have heherto been masked by the elements of instruction. societal outlooks. and societal position. Undoubtedly. the strength of Lebon’s thoughts lies in the empirical attack with which he approaches the topic. Building upon and using the promotions in psychological science during his clip. he uses these to analyse historical and current events to show the soundness of his statement. Therefore. he comes up with the construct of the psychological crowd ; one that does non needfully confine persons to the traditional impression of being gathered in the same infinite at the same clip but connected by their common characteristic and commonalty of entrenched thoughts. Similarly. by admiting that thoughts have no intrinsic value in themselves. Lebon besides debunks the thought of the absolute Truths in much as the same mode that postmodern bookmans have abandoned tyranny in favour of relativism. Ideas so go superior merely when it is embraced by the crowd. which has the ability to convey thoughts to world. It is by beat uping the crowd behind thoughts that change in society and history is created. On the other manus. the racialist and biological fatalist prejudice is evident in Lebon’s work. He observes. for case. that the features of crowds are influenced by their race and by the bounds of heredity. It is implied in these statements that peculiar races. due to their built-in lower status from other races. are bound to be less irrational and hence more prone to crowd-like behaviour than others. It is hence in these premises that Lebon’s arguments finally weaken as he presumes that the audience portions the same position of a predistined or unconditioned failing among worlds originating from their faulty biological science and abnormalcy. Lebon’s insisting on the incapableness of the crowd for rational action and judgement is besides its booby trap. This thought stems from his averment that the crowd is governed by the unconcious or the cardinal inherent aptitudes of world. However. Lebon contradicts himself when he acknowledges that it is frequently necessary to first set up an idea—implant it even—in the head of the crowd before they can be made to move on its history. This nidation of the thought. he grudgingly accedes. can take a long clip ( 129 ) and resembles the formation of human wonts. It is here that the disagreement between his statements. primary of which is of the irrational and unlogical crowd. becomes pronounced. If the crowd is non capable of critical analysis and retrospection. so the demand for set uping the cogency and the acceptableness of an thought is unneeded. there is merely the demand to score the crowd with capturing images to derive their understanding. For case. there w ill be no demand to convert the provincial crowd of the cogency of the thought of revolution or rebellion against the barbarous regulation of the landlords and the monarchy. there is merely the demand to stir the desire for bloodshed and the multitudes will spontaneously arise. However. Lebon himself has observed that it took about a century before the provincials and the freshly lifting bourgoisie were able to mobilise themselves into a formidable force adequate to face the monarchy. Lebon clearly glosses over the fact that human existences are non capable to ideas entirely. they are besides capable to the myriad of experiences which shape the kingdom of cognition and acquisition. Hence. the crowd or the multitudes must be able to associate accessible thoughts to its world to derive cogency. prove the soundness of these thoughts in empirical pattern. and acknowledge their high quality or lower status from triumph or licking. Alas. in denying these worlds as inferior. Lebon himself condemns the construct of an â€Å"intelligent crowd. † and refuses to accept that a assemblage of intelligent heads will consequence intelligent actions and determinations. By making the myth of the violent rabble. Lebon expects the audience to accept his claims. This is unfortunate. as he merely mentions the inexorable parts of history as grounds in support of his theory ( 125 ) but fails to account for specific cases where the crowd is able to move in a rational and well-plann ed mode such as in civil noncompliance and consensus-building. Consequently. Lebon reduces popular sentiment as a mere merchandise of â€Å"contagion† and of the hypnosis wherein the thoughts are transmitted in about the same mode as a viral infection that transforms its members into destructive and revengeful animals. He attacks the conformance with which persons are likely to comprehend thoughts and images as the ground why merely a few are able to lift from the ranks of the crowd to be its maestro. However. Lebon fails to account for the function of societal and cultural establishments and norms in mythmaking and in the saving of dominant thoughts that hold the crowd in bondage in the same manner that the oppressive leader does. He hence fails to account for the behaviour clearly meant to interrupt the dominant norms. and so. against the subjugation and domination of a few tyrant. In the terminal. Gustav Lebon’s definition of the crowd as incapable of contemplation despite several cogent evidences in history to demo the contrary crumbles upon the heavy weight of unfavorable judgment. Ironically. it is in his pursuit of lighting the rabble that Lebon creates more myths around crowd behaviour and succeeds in convolving affairs even more. It is hence in his hastiness to turn out that the crowd would neer be superior over the person. that Lebon non merely undermines the capableness of the â€Å"intelligent crowd† for corporate retrospection and acquisition but besides attempts to get away unfavorable judgment and judgement from the rabble for his hasty and uncorroborated generalisations. Plants Cited: Lebon. Gustav. ( 1895 )The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind.

Berbers In North Africa Essays - Berber History, Maghreb

Berbers In North Africa The modern-day region of Maghrib - the Arab West consisting of present-day Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia - is inhabited predominantly by Muslim Arabs, but it has a large Berber minority. North Africa served as a transit region for peoples moving toward Europe or the Middle East. Thus, the region's inhabitants have been influenced by populations from other areas. Out of this mix developed the Berber people, whose language and culture, although pushed from coastal areas by conquering and colonizing Carthaginians, Romans, and Byzantines, dominated most of the land until the spread of Islam and the coming of the Arabs. The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of the Berbers on North Africa. The cave paintings found at Tassili-n-Ajjer, north of Tamanrasset, and at other locations depict vibrant and vivid scenes of everyday life in the central Maghrib between about 8000 B.C. and 4000 B.C. They were executed by a hunting people in the Capsian period of the Neolithic age who lived in a savanna region teeming with giant buffalo, elephant, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus, animals that no longer exist in the now-desert area. The pictures provide the most complete record of a prehistoric African culture. Earlier inhabitants of the central Maghrib have left behind equally significant remains. Early remnants of hominid occupation in North Africa, for example, were found in Ain el Hanech, near Saida (200,000 B.C.). Later, Neanderthal tool makers produced hand axes in the Levalloisian and Mousterian styles (43,000 B.C.) similar to those in the Levant. According to some sources, North Africa was the site of the highest state of development of Middle Paleolithic flake-tool techniques. Tools of this era, starting about 30,000 B.C. are called Aterian ( after the site Bir el Ater, south of Annaba) and are marked by a high standard of workmanship, great variety, and specialization. The earliest blade industries in North Africa are called Ibero-Maurusian or Oranian (after a site near Oran). The industry appears to have spread throughout the coastal regions of the Maghrib between 15,000 and 10,000 B.C. Between about 9,000 and 5,000 B.C., the Capsian culture began influencing the Ibero- Maurusian, and after about 3,000 B.C. the remains of just one human type can be found throughout the region. Neolithic civilization (marked by animal domestication and subsistence agriculture) developed in the Saharan and Mediterranean Maghrib between 6,000 and 2,000 B.C. This type of economy, so richly depicted in the Tassil-n-Ajjer cave paintings, predominated in the Maghrib until the classical period. The amalgam of peoples of North Africa coalesced eventually into a distinct native population that came to be called Berbers. Distinguished primarily by cultural and linguistic attributes, the Berbers lacked a written language and hence tended to be overlooked or marginalized in the historical accounts. Roman, Greeks, Byzantine, and Arab Muslim chroniclers typically depicted the Berbers as barbaric enemies, troublesome nomands, or ignorant peasants. They were, however, to play a major role in the area's history. Phoenician traders arrived on the North African coast around 900 B.C. and established Carthage ( in present-day Tunisia) around 800 B.C. By the sixth century B.C., a Phoenician presence existed at Tipasa (east of Cherchell in Algeria). From their principal center of power at Carthage, the Carthaginians expanded and established small settlements (called emporia in Greek) along the North African coast; these settlements eventually served as market towns as well as anchorages. Hippo Regius (modern Annaba) and Rusicade (modern Skikda) are among the towns of Carthaginian origin on the coast of present-day Algeria. As Carthaginian power grew, its impact on the indigenous population increased dramatically. Berber civilization was already at a stage in which agriculture, manufacturing, trade, and political organization supported several states. Trade links between Carthage and the Berbers in the interior grew, but territorial expansion also resulted in the enslavement or military recruitment of some Berbers and in the extraction of tribute from others. By the early fourth century B.C., Berbers formed the single largest element of the Carthaginian army. In the Revolt of the Mercenaries, Berbers soldiers rebelled from 241 to 238 B.C. after being unpaid following the defeat of Carthage in the First Punic War. They succeeded in obtaining control of much of Carthage's North African territory, and they minted coins bearing the name Libyan,

The Development of Womens Rights

The Development of Womens Rights Women’s rights are probably one of the most frequently discussed issues all over the world. Presence or absence of women’s rights is appeared to be a strong indicator that helps to comprehend global well-being and humans’ prosperity. Lots of people think that women’s rights are a burning problem in countries, where religion has certain power.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Development of Women’s Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If fact, many Muslim countries, where religion turns out to be law, women face lots of problems and misunderstandings. Rola Dashti is one of the authors, who concentrate on the problems, women of Kuwait face day by day. She underlines that gender inequality and women’s inability to vote should be analyzed, and certain changes should be made. However, she is not the only author, who tries to pay the reader’s attention to problems any woman may face one day. Betty Friedan created a really magnificent work at the beginning of 1960s. It was The Feminine Mystique, the sparkle of national debates concerning women’s roles in society. If we talk about the rights of women in the modern world, the works of these very authors should be taken into consideration at first. Rola Dashti clearly explains that in Kuwait, â€Å"the perfect role for women is to stay at home, raise children, take care of the house, and be subservient to their husbands – under the false pretence that this is dictated by religious requirements.† (Dashti, 2005) Those women, who do not want to accept these rules, have to be terrorized both socially and psychologically. However, she cannot agree to such distribution of the roles, and she calls upon all people to look again at the situation, connected to women’s rights, and provide all women with a chance to participate in the political, economical, and other spheres of life f or better and safer future. Betty Friedan points out that this very problem â€Å"has no name stirring in the minds of so many American women today.† (Friedan and Quindlen, 2001, p. 32) Without any doubts, women are victims of not fair system we live in. The point is that women have the only right to realize themselves through their own husbands, children, and homes. With the help of Friedan’s work, we get to know more about the situations, our mothers and grandmothers could face, when they were young, and compare them to those life, modern women live. Of course, differences are noticeable: the women of 1960s got married at the young age and dropped their education in order to make the lives of their husband happier.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The life of women in Kuwait, described by Dashti, is almost the same even nowadays. More than 40 years ago, women st arted their movements in order to prove their rights to participate in the political life of their country, and only in 2005, women in Kuwait got the right to vote. With time, women realize that their lives are incomplete, because they should think about their husbands and children only. Such lives seem to be a bit boring and incorrect. This is why women’s rights problems are such types of problems, women have to solve independently. Of course, the works by Friedan and Dashti may help a bit to realize the core of the problem and choose the best way to achieve success. If women have enough words to say in order to prove their rights, if they are ready to demonstrate their powers and abilities, they can easily achieve the desirable goals and become free. It is quite possible that free women will get more chances, opportunities, and desire to make the lives of their children, husbands, and their own lives better and happier. Dashti, Rola. â€Å"Can There Be Democracy with Marg inalization?† Bitterlemons-International, 28 Jul. 2005. Web. Friedan, Betty, Quindlen, Anna. The Feminine Mystique. W. W. Norton Co, 2001.

Internationalization Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Internationalization Theories - Essay Example Due to the generality of the OLI, the theory has been limited to the task of explaining particular types of foreign behaviors or production of specific enterprises, unless there is an application of the framework to a specific predefined context. As opposed to other theories, OLI is specific to particular contexts of application, especially in its configuration that is likely to differ in different regions, firms, countries, industries, or in the value-added practices. On the other hand, the OLI application is most likely to rely on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) motivators (Demos, Fragkiskos and Marina, 2004). The primary assumption of the OLI is that the FDI returns, and thus the entirety of FDI, may be explained using three factors. They include: the firm’s ownership advantage ‘O’, which indicates who produces abroad, as well as other types of international activities; internationalization advantage ‘I’; and the location advantage (L), which gives reasons for   firms   to take part in FDI as opposed to licensing the foreign companies to make use of their proprietary assets (Adner and Kapoor, 2010).For the firm to effectively compete within a foreign location, it must have particular ownership advantages, which are also referred to as monopolistic or competitive advantages, which compensate for the extra costs incurred during the setting up of its operations in the foreign country, which are not faced by the producers from within the country (Desbordes, 2007).

International Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Trade - Essay Example Most of the countries participate in such trades. The US exports high tech goods such as aircrafts, chemicals and ammunitions and at the same time it imports consumer goods, which are traded internationally at much lower prices. Usually, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment has a direct correlation; that is to say, employment or new jobs in the country rises in tandem with the growth in GDP. Gross Domestic Product, in the economic parlance, is the measure of goods and services that are produced in the country. GDP is the sum of the incomes of all the residents within the country. It is also measured by adding all kinds of spending such as government spending, investment spending and consumer spending. All exports generate incomes at home and they are part of GDP. Imports do not form a part of the GDP as they generate incomes abroad. For many years in US, imports exceed exports. That means domestic markets suffer in the goods that are imported. For example, steel import disrupt s domestic steel industry resulting into a closure of many units and the loss of jobs. The government often imposes tariffs on certain products to make imports costlier safeguarding domestic industries. At times, the government resorts to quota system and restricts imports within predetermined quota for a given country. This is usually found in textiles and garments business where quotas are allotted to the countries beyond, which they cannot send material into US. Tariffs restrict international trade as they are one kind of tax on imported good and make imports costlier. The university students in US are not benefitted as consumers of other industrial goods because education industry in US is a big exporter. A huge number of students from other countries enroll in US universities for study and research by paying huge tuition fees in US dollars and spend in US for their essential needs during their learning. Since 1930s, many countries have supported free trade among nations by redu cing tariffs. That is how the process of globalization has progressed at the rapid pace and world trade touched to the tune of almost $12,400 billion by 2009 (International Trade Statistics, 2010 p.12). World Trade Organization (WTO) works toward reduction of tariffs and smooth flow of goods and services among the nations. The WTO also works to discourage retaliatory taxes among nations. When two countries trade their currencies form a relationship for transaction to place. It is true that exchange rates between two currencies are governed by the demand-supply dynamics of the currencies that arise due to trade between two countries. When US imports more Chinese goods and exports less to China, a trade gap also called balance of payments is created causing more demand for Yuan against dollar. When this continues for a long, dollar tends to depreciate against Yuan. In 2011, the US exported goods worth $103.93 billion to China while imported goods worth 399.36 billion creating trade ga p of $295.5 billion. The trade gap was $273 billion and $226.8 billion in the year 2010 and 2009 respectively. The figures reveal that the trade gap is constantly on the rise and the reason for this is that the China produces hosts of goods at much lower the cost compared to the producers in US. The US consumers have benefitted a lot due to these

ASPECTS OF CONTRACT AND NEGLIGENCE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ASPECTS OF CONTRACT AND NEGLIGENCE - Assignment Example This paper analyzes various aspects of a contract, and to an extension the concept of negligence to perform on the contract. In the essay, several studies cases will be analyzed in order to uncover the omission of vital elements of the contract. To achieve the stated objectives, the article will evaluate each and every study case critically and state the applicable consequences of the actions or inactions of the individuals in the study case. Written contracts are the most preferred types of contracts by many common legal systems. In most countries, all contracts pertaining tangible product sales worth more than $500 are required to be ratified in writing and the parties concerned should append their signatures. Examples of contracts that must be in writing include all land dealings, house sales, vehicles and many others. It is paramount to note that immediately someone signs a written contract provided the documents used is contractual in nature, they are legally bound by it irrespective of whether they read and understood the terms and conditions (Poole, 2014, p.86). Written contracts help parties involved understand their commitments and avoid the "he said, she said" dispute in case court prosecution is necessary. These are contracts formed whereby parties contact or meet face to face and enter into an agreement. Such contract provides the element of identity which is very crucial in contracts and a contract can automatically be termed as void because of mistakes relating to identity, particularly if the identity is necessary. Example of cases that have been declared void because of this issue include the Phillips v Brooks and Shogun Finance Ltd v Hudson (Poole, 2014, p.96). Distance sales contracts, currently known as consumer contracts are contracts that pertain to the sale of goods without face-to-face contact. Suppliers are required by law to disclose

A New High Speed Rail Link For Britain Engineering Essay

A New High Speed Rail Link For Britain Engineering Essay Recently travel by rail has increased with many lines struggling to cope with the demand. The West Coast mainline which can be seen as one of the most important rail lines in Britain will reach capacity by 2020 according to the Transport Politic and has also seen investments of around  £13 billion already (www.thetransportpolitic.com, 2009). One of the popular modes of travelling long distance within Britain is short haul flights; however air travel is neither efficient in terms of energy nor is it environmentally friendly. As the U.K has pledged to lower carbon emissions by 80% by the year 2050 (www.treehugger.com, 2009) Britain needs more sustainable forms of transport. With the need to increase capacity on the rail lines, especially from London to the North, along with the environmental and sustainability factors the question that arises is, would it be more be beneficial to upgrade the existing link between the north and London or to implement a new high speed rail link? An Atkins report commissioned by the Dft alternatives to the high speed rail titled High Speed 2 Strategic Alternatives Study (www.dft.gov.uk, 2010) outlines rail upgrades as an alternative. Firstly trains could be lengthened to allow for more passenger, however this does not tackle any reduction on journey times and station platforms may not be able to accommodate longer trains. Secondly an investment on the infrastructure to enhance the capacity of the West Coast Mainline would cost around  £3.6 billion (www.dft.gov.uk, 2010). This would see the operation of an extra four to five trains per hour reducing journey times to Birmingham and Manchester by 12 minutes and 6.5 minutes respectively (www.dft.gov.uk, 2010). This alternative would not have many adverse effects on the environment as it does not affect the Chiltern Area of Natural Beauty, where the high speed network would, it would however be disruptive to passengers. The third alternative detailed in the report would be to in vest on the Chiltern line along with the previous alternative which would allow three trains per hour to the West Midlands on the Chiltern line at a cost of  £12.5 billion without reduction on journey times and an adverse environmental effect on the Chiltern AONB. Adding onto this would be the fourth alternative with further work on the Chiltern Line between London and the West Midlands to improve journey times at a cost of  £15.1 billion (www.dft.gov.uk, 2010). This could see a single stop service to the West Midlands in 64 minutes (www.dft.gov.uk, 2010). This would have the same environmental effects on the Chiltern AONB and also be disruptive to passengers. The last alternative would be to include further work on the infrastructure on the Chiltern Line to take it up as far as Stratford as an alternative to the northern stretch on the West Coast Main Line. This would cost approximately  £19.6 billion(www.dft.gov.uk, 2010), but may prove to challenging, and result in a small frequency on services, without any certain demand for these services. This alternative would be the most environmentally damaging not only for just the Chiltern AONB and would cause disruption to passengers. All the alternatives in upgrades to the existing network seem to be costly, have an adverse effect on the environment and disruption to services already in place which outweigh the benefits in terms capacity generated and reduction of journey times. For many of the alternatives there is no impact on the journey times, which would be seen as defeating the objective of upgrading the existing network. A publication by the Institution of Civil Engineers titled unblocking the potential of rail states that Flights currently account for 93% of business trips between Scotland and London. Research shows passengers will only consider changing from air to rail if the journey time is under three hours only possible on land with a high speed rail route. (www.ice.org.uk, 2010). Over the years Britain has seen to fall behind its European neighbours in developing high speed rail networks. France, Germany, Italy and Spain have all developed high speed rail networks. In particular Spain have in place a high speed rail network between Madrid and Barcelona which reaches speeds of 220mph, which allows the journey of 410 miles to be completed in 2 and a half hours (www.treehugger.com, 2010). Spain is a good example as they have a similar route from Madrid to Seville where more than 80% of travellers on that route prefer to travel by train (www.treehugger.com, 2010). The article Spains high speed service challenges the airlines on www.treehugger.com, 2010 also describes the services as In terms of comfort and convenience the operators are not skimping either. Each train features a conference room, upgraded cooling and air conditioning, internet access and a restaurant car and passengers are refunded their entire fare if the train is more than 5 minutes late (www.tr eehugger.com, 2010). However since 2009 the government have set up a new organisation. High speed 2 Ltd (HS2 Ltd) which is outlying proposals and reports on a new north-south high speed rail network. Recently the transport secretary published the report for new high speed rail network which could see work start around 2017 at the earliest (BBC News, 2010) Figures from The Transport Politic show that the project would cost  £34 billion and include 1500 miles of track, accommodating a total of 34 tunnels and 138 bridges. Whilst 8 new stations would be built and the procurement of 73 high speed trains. If put in place the new north-south link would see an annual ridership of 43.7 journeys. (www.thetransportpolitic.com, 2009). Figure 1 in the appendix shows the proposed line and reduction in journey times. The transport secretary Lord Adonis in a speech about the high speed rail stated additional transport capacity would be needed from the 2020s between our major cities, starting with London to the west midlands, Britains two largest conurbations . . .high speed rail could be the most efficient and sustainable way to provide more capacity between these conurbations. (www.dft.gov.uk, 2010). Lord Adonis summarised the development as an initial high speed network linking London to Birmingham then onto Manchester, the East Midlands, Sheffield and Leeds with high speed trains through to Liverpool, Newcastle, Glasgow and Edinburgh, which would result in a Y shaped network capable of carrying trains upto 250mph. Figures 2-4 in the appendix show some comparisons of high speed rail compared to classic rail. The benefits of high speed rail as described by Lord Adonis on the Dft website (www.dft.gov.uk, 2010) are an increase of rail capacity by a third on the West Coast Mainline, not only because of the track but also due to the length of high speed trains and the adapted stations along with segregation from other rail traffic. The speech also describes the upgrade of existing rail lines yielding less than half the extra capacity for more money and disruption than it would do to implement a high speed network. A new high speed network could see pressure on capacity on the West Coast Mainline released for other services on the network. In terms of saving time on journeys, the time between the London and the west midlands would be between 30 to 50 minutes depending on the station used, whereas places such as Manchester, Leeds and Sheffield would be bought to within 75 minutes of London and places further north such as Edinburgh and Glasgow to around three and a half hours. High speed trains are stated as a sustainable way forward (www.dft.gov.uk, 2010) by Lord Adonis, going on to say that they emit less carbon then other modes such as car or airplane per passenger mile, with the low impact of a new high speed rail network on local areas than that of a new motorway. Weighing up the benefits to the costs, HS2 assessed that the project will yield  £2 for every  £1 spent with the first part of the line up to the West Midlands costing between  £15 and  £17 billion. Along with these benefits, other factors must be taken into consideration. The high speed trains are said to reach 400km/h or 250mph. which would make them the fastest trains in the world, we however need to observe the fact that a train travelling at 360km/h requires 50% more energy than that of a train travelling at 300km/h (www.cpre.org.uk, 2010), going faster could be a cost to the environment. On the topic of environment the high speed network will, similarly to many of the alternatives, cut through the Chiltern AONB where extensive tunnelling will be required as high speed trains need to travel in straight a line as possible. High speed trains will generate a new form of travel, where freed up traffic via existing rail and air travel may be taken up by new demand which could in turn add to carbon emission. For high speed rail to be part of a sustainable future, policys should be produced to keep demand and traffic down on other modes such as increasing air fares and making it more expensive to travel by car. In conclusion high speed rail travel looks more attractive compared to an upgrade of the existing network. Many of the alternative upgrades mentioned have little effect for a big price. The cost of the fifth alternative up grade matches that of the cost of a new high speed line from London to the West Midlands, where you would have significantly reduced journey times and no disruption to existing services. Environmentally both upgrading and building a new high speed line have adverse effects. For the same amount of effect on the environment you could have a new faster rail network, which could be a small price to pay for a network with greater outcomes and a project which would contribute to the economy and create jobs. In terms of carbon emissions and efficiency figure 5 in the appendix shows high speed rail is the most efficient in terms of passenger km carried by unit of energy than other forms. However it should be taken into consideration the past in terms of development of rail lines. Where plans to upgrade existing lines have been postponed by Lord Adonis due to lack of finances and what may be a coincidence of the government introducing these plans just before a major election. On the lines of finance the project cost a substantial amount, especially with the current debt of the country. This cost may be passed on as increased rail fares, fares which currently some of the population regard as expensive. The new and improved service may not be attractive to some unless it is heavily subsidised. Overall a new high speed rail link from London to the North would be beneficial, looking at our European neighbours we can see that high speed rail can be a success and the plans tick all the boxes in terms of journey time reduction and being able to compete with other modes such as short haul air travel and helping in the reduction on carbon emmissions. High speed rail can be an improvement if it does not drag funds and infrastructure investment away from other areas and is affordable to use.

Mind Over Matter Essay -- essays research papers

Mind over Matter Out of the myriad of religions that encompass the earth, one of the least understood is Buddhism. In the pursuit of a higher plane of existence, a Buddhist monk will renounce his worldly secular life, instead embracing a life of meditation and study. While attempting to achieve enlightenment, and therefore nirvana, a Buddhist must first come to eradicate his sense of self, effectively destroying his ego. By doing this, "durkha," (pain and suffering), end and one can be at peace and harmony with the world and all who reside in it. A practice that helps monks achieve this enlightened state is meditation. By clearing the mind of mundane clutter and distractions, a monk can become in tune with his inner being and body, which results in a greater understanding of the barriers that need to collapse before nirvana can be achieved. This practice of meditation was the Buddhist practice that I participated in, with the intent on a greater understanding of what being a Buddhist means. This exercise taught me the inherent difficulty in calming the mind, along with the negative effects outside influences like other people have on the practice. The first place I attempted to meditate was outside my dorm next to a tree. This proved to be a comfortable place, yet full of distractions. I have meditated before in my martial arts classes, yet it was difficult calming my mind. While concentrating on my breathing, I was easily distracted by outside occurrences such as leaves falling and people walking by. The more I attempted to shut out the outside world, the more my mind focused on the little things around me. I gained immediate appreciation of the Buddhist monk's ability to shirk the outside world and focus on his inner self. When I had meditated before in my dojo, it was as a group and in silence. This greatly helped the exercise and I can see why this is the modus operandi at most temples. The second place I attempted to meditate was in the basement of Reid Hall. I hoped that the familiar surroundings would calm the mind easier and allow me to concentrate on clearing my mind. While not an ideal setting, it was better than outside. As I concentrated on my breathing and felt myself unwind, I was able to tune into the sound... ...lp guide and direct the learning of the monks. They offer subtle forms of encouragement, often disguised in hardship, that aid the monks in their struggle toward understanding. This is a boon, allowing enlightenment to occur quicker than in the solitary meditation I experienced. A Buddhist way of life is a lot harder than one may suspect, for while they are released from the worries of everyday life, the mental tasks assigned to them are far greater than worrying about what to cook for dinner tonight or paying one's electricity bill. Furthermore, a Buddhist lifestyle is not very conducive to an American lifestyle. I give a lot of credit to the founders of the Zen Mountain Center in San Francisco, creating a microcosm which can support the solitude necessary for personal growth is a daunting task. From my limited venture into the life of a Buddhist, I learned that controlling one's mind and then harnessing this power to delve out truths and desires from oneself is a feat almost inconceivable by the normal mind. Those who accomplish this task are truly Buddha's, master's of the world and therefore outside the grasp of time, free at last.

The Negative Effects of the Internet

I wholly disagree with the notion that â€Å"When you give everyone a voice and everyone power, the system usually ends up in a really good place†. This idea is not only naive and foolish but simply untrue. Cyber bullying , cyber stalking and cyber paedophilia are threats that have sprung up in recent years in tandem with the modern phenomenon that is social media where everybody’s voice and opinion can be heard (well, read ) no matter how inappropriate illegal or damaging it may be to another person or even a group of people.Along with these cyber space based problems, content shared or posted online can often step over the threshold of the internet and affect somebody’s day to day life. However, seldom the voice and power given by the internet and social media is responsible for awareness campaigns such as â€Å"Kony 2012†. Unfortunately the harsh and brutal reality is, when people can hide behind computer screens, even gain anonymity if they wish, the d arker side of a person quite often shines through and the system does not end up in â€Å"a really good place†.Cyber bulling, the scourge of my generation and many generations to come is vicious, devastating and unapologetic. Before the days of social media and even widespread mobile phone ownership, let’s say pre 2000 bullying would generally take place in school corridors, maybe within clubs or organisations and within the workplace. Even though bullying was and always will be a traumatic experience, in those days it was escapable, a victim of bullying could go home, or to a friends house or anywhere really out side where they were being bullied and be free of it.With the advent of social networking and text messages the torment of bullying has been made inescapable. Poisonously worded text messages, tormenting wall posts and mocking comments being fired at a person night and day by a coward hiding behind a computer screen is taking bullying to a whole new extreme. I n my opinion cyber bullying is far more detrimental, vicious and calculated then ordinary bullying , because of the power a person can feel hiding behind a computer screen punching out letters, words ,sentences at a rapid pace not even facing the person the toxic words are aimed at. Internet famous â€Å" former â€Å"site model† and myspace girl Leda Muir admitted she has been a victim of hurtful ,offensive and threatening messages on the internet and in the past was also guilty of sending them to other people. She describes the â€Å"instant rush† sending offensive messages gave her, and how she simply forgot about it minutes later. When she talks about receiving comments and messages similar to the ones she herself once sent, it is an entirely different experience.She describes how each derogatory comment and message she received stayed with her for weeks, and how it made her feel belittled, humiliated and depressed even when she didn’t know any of the bulli es personally. These bullies probably felt a similar rush to the one Leda described ,which probably comes from feeling â€Å"drunk on power† after all power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. In the year two thousand and twelve cyber stalking was more common then physical harassment.While in certain aspects it is similar to cyber bullying it is more disturbing, it is based on a twisted obsession with usually a single person with a determined and perverse want to control that person in some aspect. Unlike cyber bullies, cyber stalkers are not chasing an instant power high; they desire something much darker. The aim of a cyber stalker is to get their victim to yield to them in one way or another and may involve other people in this plan.Social media enables these individuals to obtain information such as where you live, work and even who your family members are which in turn gives them the power to make threats to you online using this information. As extreme as i t sounds anyone could be cyber stalked, even as it turns out, Mark Zuckerburg himself who probably has the most heavily protected profile on facebook.His stalker Pradeep Manukonda attempted to contact both Zuckerburg and his sister Randi requesting money. When the police told him to cease contacting Zuckerburg , he ignored them and continued to send the facebook Ceo e-mails, hand written letters(in one of which he describes the â€Å"power to communicate) and flowers. He even went to the extent of travelling to face book’s main offices and even Mark Zuckerburg’s house.This was evidently a traumatic experience for Zuckerburg has he took out a restraining order against his stalker , this is a prime example of when everyone is given power buy information obtained on the internet, things do not end in a good place. Finally the most sickening and disturbing threat on the internet, cyber paedophilia. 99% of children between the ages of twelve and seventeen have access to th e internet and this is something cyber predators are well aware of.Using chat rooms, web cam and an array of social networks paedophiles have the power to seek out potential victims. For example in two thousand and three , a man posted a message in a chat room requesting sexual favours in exchange for money, out of curiosity a pair of fourteen year old girls responded to this message and they were both violated. The man also texted the victims in order to intimidate and threaten them. This clearly illustrates how somebody can abuse the voice and power given to them by cyberspace to horrific effect.When everyone is given a voice, and given power it is up to the person themselves how they use that power. Some my raise awareness, some my rise to fabled â€Å"internet fame† and some may just spend twenty minutes browsing their news feed. However the idea of the whole system ending up in a good place is one of fantasy, some people can turn into power hungry monsters online while o thers may abuse their voice and power for disturbing reasons. When you give every one a voice and everyone power, the system won’t end up in a really good place.

Free Essays on Generation M

Generation M gathered from all over the Bay, Muslims and non Muslims to come out and enjoy their successful event. September 20, 2003 at UC Berkeley, in the Wheelers hall from 2 till 10 pm, speakers, and Islamic music along with short comedy skits and much more gave life to the auditorium. A lot of speakers inspired the young hearts of many that were there. Some of the famous speakers came out to the generation M such as, Imam Zaid Shakir, Dr. Sapphire Ahmed, Amir Abdul Malik, Ustadh Suhaib Webb, Ali Shayan and many more. Some of the artists were Kumasi, Aman brothers, and Napoleon from the Outlawz. They were all here to talk about the topic, Muslim Youth vanguard of the Islamic Revival. As everyone got settled down, Abdul Rahman, one of the members of the Muslim Student Association started reading some versus from the Holy book Quran, and telling everyone about their meanings. Along with it another member talked about some Hadiths which are some true stories of the Prophets and the sahabas. As us youth tend to get very sleepy and start to lose our attention to the main thing, the Mc Rima Choudry decided to get them awake. She announced that the Aman brothers were going to sing their song all around the world live. When the music artists got up on the stage, they got all the youth wide awake. They filled the air with music and people hollering and cheering them on. There was nothing like an inspirational music to get the youth back to paying attention. It was the speakers turn to enlighten the youth with some knowledge. Each of them had a true story to tell and a word of wisdom to spread. Some of the speakers talked about how their lives were changed just by believing in Allah. Many of them gave examples of such like when Dr. Sapphire Ahmed, a doctor from New York was in her clinic waiting for the arrival of her patient, a woman or should we say a man walked in. She noticed the name of her patient and was surprised to... Free Essays on Generation M Free Essays on Generation M Generation M gathered from all over the Bay, Muslims and non Muslims to come out and enjoy their successful event. September 20, 2003 at UC Berkeley, in the Wheelers hall from 2 till 10 pm, speakers, and Islamic music along with short comedy skits and much more gave life to the auditorium. A lot of speakers inspired the young hearts of many that were there. Some of the famous speakers came out to the generation M such as, Imam Zaid Shakir, Dr. Sapphire Ahmed, Amir Abdul Malik, Ustadh Suhaib Webb, Ali Shayan and many more. Some of the artists were Kumasi, Aman brothers, and Napoleon from the Outlawz. They were all here to talk about the topic, Muslim Youth vanguard of the Islamic Revival. As everyone got settled down, Abdul Rahman, one of the members of the Muslim Student Association started reading some versus from the Holy book Quran, and telling everyone about their meanings. Along with it another member talked about some Hadiths which are some true stories of the Prophets and the sahabas. As us youth tend to get very sleepy and start to lose our attention to the main thing, the Mc Rima Choudry decided to get them awake. She announced that the Aman brothers were going to sing their song all around the world live. When the music artists got up on the stage, they got all the youth wide awake. They filled the air with music and people hollering and cheering them on. There was nothing like an inspirational music to get the youth back to paying attention. It was the speakers turn to enlighten the youth with some knowledge. Each of them had a true story to tell and a word of wisdom to spread. Some of the speakers talked about how their lives were changed just by believing in Allah. Many of them gave examples of such like when Dr. Sapphire Ahmed, a doctor from New York was in her clinic waiting for the arrival of her patient, a woman or should we say a man walked in. She noticed the name of her patient and was surprised to...

Road to Hell Essays

Road to Hell Essays Road to Hell Paper Road to Hell Paper HW: Road to Hell Read the case study and answer 3 questions below. Submit a hardcopy (2 pages maximum) of your answers at class time. 1 . Identify at least 2 major mistakes Baker made in the final interview with Rennalls. Explain why they were mistakes and what he might have done instead. A: 2 major mistakes, 1) Baker knew a lot about Rennallss political views and racial issues sensitivity, but Baker made a mistake building his interview from his European perspective. Baker assumed that he gave some historical and personal suggestions that were not meant to be offensive. However, from Rennallss point of view, the suggestions were totally inappropriate. 2) Through the interview, Baker emphasized several times the importance and leading position of European staff in the company. In the effort to teach Rennalls to better cooperate with this leadership, Baker even offered a historical example, he put European culture on a pedestal of 300 years of development and left Barracania at the bottom of the human history. What he might have done instead. The main barrier to the problem solving is misunderstanding between people with different cultures. 1) Cultural diversity: being attentive to the culture values and orms of the foreign employees are very important. 2) Have the ability to integrate. 2. What actions should Baker take after receiving the resignation from Renalls? A: In my opinion, Baker is a racist, despite his unintentional behavior can be consi dered intentional. I think Baker should try to change his attitude and deal this problem carefully, anyhow he will always face this kind of issues in next Job and continue to go through the same problem. Thus Baker should make an apology to Rennalls and to persuade him to stay at the company. 3. Do you think that Remalls is a good match for Continental Ore? Explain why or why ot. What additional information do you need to answer this question? A: Rennalls is one of the brightest Barracanian prospects on the staff of Caribbean Bauxite, he is a good match for Continental Ore. However his well-educated made him sensitive to political, racial and equality issues involving relations between his culture and western influence. Rennalls should be change his behavior in sensitive to any sign of condescension on working with expatriates. This case is one of many examples of how people from different cultures and backgrounds do not take diversity into consideration. They evaluate and measure d conflicts.

Behavioural Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Behavioural Finance - Essay Example The researcher states that behavioral finance examines how the human animal reacts in a financial system theoretically devoid of any emotions. This has been referred to in the past as ‘open-minded finance’ which is a generous expression implying that many investors often behave in a quite contradictory manner to the advice given them by their financial advisors. ‘Proponents of behavioral finance contend that people may not always be â€Å"rational,† but they are always â€Å"human.† Thus, behavioral finance exposes the irrationality of investors in general and shows human fallibility in competitive markets.’ To many, the idea of market efficiency itself goes out the window when the concept of human behavioral finance comes in. The experience of the stock market bubble has given impetus to the theory of behavioral finance, which places greater emphasis on human motivation and market inefficiency. Yet investment bankers and business people appear to put ever greater faith in the verdict of the stock market when making judgments that can have a big impact on output and employment. One of the major contributors over the past several decades to the amount of influence individual investor behavior has on the marketplace is the plethora of information and investment resources that are now available to the individual through access to the internet as well as the constant barrage of financial pundits in the various media channels. Stocks can also be traded instantaneously (via e-trade and the like) by individuals who may have little or no real insight into what they are playing at and may send a knee-jerk reaction that if analyzed more circumspectly they may have avoided. The rise of the Internet dramatically changed the way people make investment decisions†¦ For example, the Internet fosters active involvement by providing the medium for investment chat rooms, message boards, and newsgroups. Millions of people started invest ing online over the past several years. In the late 1990s and early 2000, a tremendous surge occurred in investor trading†¦ If this online investing behavior magnifies the investor's biases, then trading patterns in those accounts that are consistent with the behavioral predictions †¦ should surface. For example, online traders should exhibit signs of overconfidence, such as more frequent trading.

Gender & Migration from a Rural Caribbean Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gender & Migration from a Rural Caribbean - Essay Example In this process of migration of human beings caused the increase of infections and nutritional diseases. The measures taken to improve the public health system by supply-improved nutrition's food items and medicine, some people in the developed nations had undergone a second epidemiological transition. In this transition period, there was an element of deceivers in infections diseases whereas degenerating conditions prevailed in the increase of non-infections diseases and chronic diseases. Â  At present, with more use of antibiotics, the people are facing a third epidemiological transition which is nothing best a new birth of infectious diseases, pathogens which have antibiotic-resistance. These pathogens potential of being transmitted globally on a large scale. Â  In a Paleolithic period, human beings dwelt in small, and sparsely settled groups. The size of the population and density was low during the Paleolithic period. The population size had been balanced as the births and deaths rates in small. Â  A dramatic change of increase in the size of the population and density occurred after Neolithic revolution. ... Â  There were associations of gender kinship with reproduction in rural Dominica. Â  As groups of kinship become larger and competition from locals increase leads to lessening the benefits to kinship. In Bwa Mawego, the reproductive success increased to an optimal mix of the group where it starts to decline. Men's migration was influenced by access to matrilineal inherited properties for commercial and agriculture. For this reason, the young adults delayed their reproduction till they have acquired adequate resources for their children in Bwa Mawego. Â  The youth complain that they would go for migration as a few jobs and educational facilities were available in Dominica. Further, to add, people in Bwa Mawego were willing for migration, as the young women had not prepared to become life partners with jobless youth. The men were ready to get married only after sound financial position. Migration is one of the means for improvement of reproduction chances. Â  Bwa Mawego is one of the least developed rural villages in Dominica. She is an island situated at the dead end of narrow, mountainous road. There are about 700 residents. The source of income for many families is cash crops. The economic activities are very limited to commercial agriculture and fishing.

Tom Hoffman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tom Hoffman - Essay Example His sketches clearly express his immediate thoughts and sentiments. These sketches reveal how he visualizes his surroundings, every painstaking detail of his environment, of the people he knows or encounters. His sketches show how a simple life can be made spectacular or extraordinary through drawings. In addition, his drawings may be classified as emotive drawings because of the subtle expression of various emotions, dispositions, and moods (Hoffman Watercolors, 2015). For instance, his drawing showing two men looking at different directions exposes something emotional, a sentimental bond between the two men. The same can be said about his drawing portraying two masked men hugging each other. These drawings depict hidden, understated emotions. Lastly, his drawings obviously came from actual observations of the people and his surroundings. Life drawing-- also referred to as figure drawing or still-life drawing-- is one of the strengths of Tom Hoffman. He depicts all the expressions that he observes and sees in his

Sams Surprise Essay Example for Free

Sams Surprise Essay Weve done it! shouted Janice, as she danced around the room. We can now do anything we want! Her husband, Sam, just stared at her, half asleep on the sofa. He had been down at the White Horse all afternoon, watching the horseracing with his mates. He had come home a bit worse for wear and was now thinking his wife of twenty-eight years had suddenly gone round the bend.  It was nine oclock on a Saturday evening. Janice called her husband into the dining room for his dinner. Slowly, Sam got up and staggered in, to be met with the overwhelming scent of burning candles and incense sticks all around the tiny room. It was a beautiful aroma but very sickening at the same time. On the table was his favourite meal, medium rare steak and oven chips with lots of mushrooms and pepper sauce; the smell wafted through the air mingling with the scent of the candles. In the middle of the table was a very large bottle of champagne. Only two place settings were on the table, with new champagne glasses. The way Sam was feeling, it was the last thing he wanted to drink!  Why had his wife gone to all this trouble? Had she a big win on the horses? Unlikely, she always said that only fools gamble on the horses, that it was a mugs game to throw away all that hard-earned money on a silly old nag. If Sam had asked his wife what she was up to, she would tease him all night trying to get him to guess what it was. He knew her too well, and he was not in the mood for guessing tonight. His hangover was starting to set in. His tongue was feeling strange; it was as if a hamster had left its fur on it! Someone had got into his head and was thumping a drum, very badly. Sam decided to play along with her, after all shell tell him soon enough, because she could never keep a secret for long, it would be eating her up in no time at all. Then it suddenly hit him, the day, the time; it could only be one thing! Her only vice was the National Lottery if youre not in, you dont win was her motto. Maybe now it had paid off! She did say We could do anything we want. That must be it!  All of a sudden, Sams hangover was cured, he decided he did feel like drinking some champagne and even the candles and incense sticks were not as nauseating as first suspected. Janice appeared at the doorway looking very sexy in a beautiful black negligee, her hair had been tied back, with only a few strands dangling around her face. She was wearing a lot of make-up. Janice never wore make-up, she said it made women look tarty and out for a good time! She was always telling our two daughters, Kellie and Katie not to wear too much makeup when they were going out, as men would get the wrong impression. She had been quite a strict mother. No short skirts or low cut tops were allowed to be worn by her daughters!  The girls were twenty-two and twenty-four years of age now, living their own lives in the next town with their partners. Their son, Daniel, who was twenty, was the only one still living at home. It had been very quiet in the house; all evening, no loud music could be heard coming from Daniels room. Which was unusual. He loved his Eminem music to be played so loud that the whole street could enjoy it! Thump, thump, thump, was all that could be heard when coming round the corner at the end of the street, however the neighbours very rarely complained about it. Maybe he had gone out for a change but he never went out, his girlfriend, Jayne, always came here. This was all very strange.  Sams thoughts drifted back to his wife standing in the doorway. The last time he saw her looking like this was on their honeymoon. It brought back wonderful and distant memories of the Isle of Man, where they had spent two glorious weeks, hardly stepping outside their hotel room! Janice strolled over to her husband, cupped his face gently with her hands and kissed him lovingly on the lips, and whispered, I love you. Sam was completely taken aback; it was all so out of character for his wife to behave like this. Thoughts started running through his mind. Had she something to tell him? Was she having an affair? Poor Sam was totally bemused as to what was going on in his wifes head.  Sam ignored all of these thoughts; his wife would never have an affair. She took her wedding vows very seriously, every one of them! He started thinking again of the most likely reason for her behaviour, the Lottery! He started to eat his dinner, thinking of all the things they could do with the money a foreign holiday, new house, new car, the list was endless. He was getting very excited, he was dreaming about lying on a yacht in the middle of the Mediterranean, drinking champagne, when suddenly Janice proposed a toast Heres to us being able to enjoy life and to do exactly as we please, when we please, now that Daniel has finally left home!  Suddenly Sam felt very ill. Although the meal looked delicious, it didnt taste as nice as he first thought and he certainly did not enjoy it as much as he thought he would, considering his dreams had come crashing down around him!

State-Sponsored Terrorism: The Relationship between Hizballah and the I

Most of the countries involved in state-sponsored terrorism make modest attempts to disassociate themselves with terrorist organizations. These countries do this in hopes that the United Nations will not place sanctions. More often than not, these countries continue their support of various terrorist groups. They support the terrorist organization in various ways: financially, training, supplies. Iran has remained the most active state sponsor of terrorism to date (State Department, 2013). Iran supports several different terrorist organizations, including Hamas, Palestine Islamic Jihad, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command and Hizballah. Often times, Iran is involved in the planning and support of different terrorist attacks. Iran has most notably assisted the terrorist organization, Hizballah, with training, weapons and funding. The Iranian government has also allowed Hizballah to use Iran as a safe haven for any terrorists that might need to go underground to hide if they have been involved in terrorist attacks and are currently on a watch list. This paper will first define terrorism, as well as state-sponsored terrorism. Second, the paper will give background on the terrorist organization of Hizballah; to include why the organization was first created and what attacks the organization is responsible for. Third, the paper will discuss the ideology and goals of Hizballah and how their ideology and goals fit into those of the Iranian government. This paper will also exam the relationship between Hizballah and the Iranian government and how that relationship affects the United States and its interests in the Middle East, mainly Israel. There is not a definition of terrorism that is used universally. Th... ... terrorism. It went over some background on the terrorist organization of Hizballah; to include why the organization was first created and what attacks the organization is responsible for. It discussed the ideology and goals of Hizballah and how their ideology and goals fit into those of the Iranian government. It examined the relationship between Hizballah and the Iranian government. It also examined how that relationship affects the United States and its interests in the Middle East, mainly Israel. Works Cited "Country Reports on Terrorism 2013" Bureau of Counterterrorism U.S. Department of State 2013 Web. http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2013/224826.htm "Lebanon 2006: Unfinished War" MERIA Journal Volume 11, Number 03 (Sep 2007) Snapper, Jessica. "The Hezbollah Dossier" December 15th, 2009 Web. http://jessicasnapper.com/the-hezbollah-dossier/

Non-Conformism Is the Refusal to Conform Essay

Non-conformism is the refusal to conform to common standards, conventions, rules, customs, traditions, norms or laws. The bravest act of non-conformism I’ve seen would have to be, Malcolm X. During his life, Malcolm went from being a drug dealer and burglar to one of the most prominent Black Nationalist leaders in the United States; he was considered by some as a martyr of Islam and a champion of equality. As a militant leader, Malcolm X advocated black pride, economic self-reliance, and identity politics. He ultimately rose to become a world-renowned African American/Pan-Africanist and human rights activist. Throughout his life Malcolm X went through many transformations and through them all he still did not conform to what society expected of him. Malcolm (Little) X preached what he believed about racism, discrimination, and segregation. He went through many changes in his fight for equality. The three transformations that really changed the way Malcolm thought and preached where his transformation in prison, his transformation into the Islamic religion (following Elijah Muhammad), and the biggest transformation of all, his pilgrimage to Mecca. Malcolm had a lot of respect from those who believed in what he was preaching. He was a man who knew what he wanted and was going to change the way things were. Malcolm did not have the odds to make something of himself. He overcame those odds and became one of the most inspiring and important people in the struggle for equality. Every one should learn from the way Malcolm turned his life around for the better and how he made an impact on those around him. Malcolm (Little) X is definitely one of the people who made the biggest impact on the 20th Century. We have come along way since Malcolm’s assassination in the struggle for quality. We still have a ways to go before his final goal is reached.

Silent Suffering – A short Story

In the beginning, the job of an obesity councillor had its perks, I must admit. I used to crave the enjoyment I received from helping someone who needed me, but I never thought that helping myself would be my downfall. My wife, she hates me, I can see it in her eyes every time she dares to look my way. And my children, what use am I to them now? Too fat to even kick a ball! A little support from her wouldn't go amiss I reckon, but of course she has a life of her own. I used to be happy, we used to be happy. Then everything changed. My job was everything to me, but how can a fat pig of a man like me show any kind of encouragement for his patients? I think it happened when my father died, we were close me and him. I took four weeks off from work, the wife was away on business and the kids stopped with her parents. All I could do was eat, I thought it would go away, but even now, almost two years later food is all I think about. I suppose the fact I recognise what I'm doing is a starting point, but what have I got to live for now? I really can't see my marriage making it to the end of the year, they'll take the kids off me, I'm sure. What kind of a dad can I be? They'll say I'm mad, they're probably right too. Look at me! So desperate for someone to talk to that I have talk to the ugly thing staring back in the mirror! Councillor heal thyself comes to mind doesn't it? It never works you know, bottling things up. It only leads to unhappiness. But when you're unhappy anyway there's not really a difference. Sometimes I just want to end it; it's like a physical pain, burning in my chest. I've planned it you know, I'm scared of course, that's why I keep putting it off. Fat coward! Yesterday at work, suicide seemed inevitable once again. For 15 years I've sat at my desk listening to the depressed stories of people like me. Can you imagine what that does to a man? My whole working career has been spent in a cell of depression and my professional mind is telling me it's definitely taken its toll! I remember my daughter's sports day a few months ago. She dragged me up for the parents' race, I tried to refuse but she wouldn't let me. The whistle blew and away we went. Other dads racing like ruddy hares and then there was me, huffing and puffing at the back. I didn't even cross the line before I collapsed in a heap, pains tearing through my chest. Teachers rushing around, determined to phone for an ambulance but I wouldn't have it. I looked up; my wife stood in the distance a scowl on her face as usual. She said later that it served me right, practically calling me a greedy pig in the process! She's right though, as always. You see, what can a man like me give to the world? I'm just another statistic, another middle aged man with no life. Fat and ugly, that's all I am! All I need is some pills; I know we have plenty around the house. Just enough to do the job. I'll take them before I sleep, that way I'll never feel it, just go to sleep and never wake up. She'll be happy, I know it. Free to be with the fancy man I know she has! My eyes are closed now, it won't be long. I left a note in the kitchen telling my kids that I love them. I didn't say anything about the wife mind you. I used to be a good man, with a purpose! How did I come to be this?

Free Essays on Purpose Of The Chain Of Command

The chain of command assists commanders at all levels to achieve their primary function of accomplishing the unit's assigned mission while caring for personnel and property in their charge. A simple and direct chain of command facilitates the transmittal of orders from the highest to the lowest levels in a minimum of time and with the least chance of misinterpretation. The command channel extends upward in the same manner for matters requiring official communication from subordinate to senior. A commander is therefore a commissioned or warrant officer who, by virtue of grade and assignment, exercises primary command authority over a military organization or prescribed territorial area that under pertinent official directives is recognized as â€Å"command.† The key elements of command are authority and responsibility. The commander is responsible for establishing leadership climate of the unit and developing disciplined and cohesive units. This sets the parameters within which command will be exercised and, therefore, sets the tone for social and duty relationships within the command. Leaders are also responsible for the professional development of their soldiers. To this end, they encourage self-study, professional development, and continued growth of their subordinates' military careers. The commanders and other leaders are committed to the professional Army ethic to promote a positive environment. If leaders show loyalty to their soldiers, the Army, and the Nation, they earn the loyalty of their soldiers. The soldiers will be faithful to their leader and follow orders always. If leaders consider their soldiers' needs and care for their wellbeing, and if they demonstrate genuine concern, these leaders build a positive command climate. Duty is obedient and disciplined performance. Soldiers with a sense of duty accomplish tasks given them, seize opportunities for self-improvement, and accept responsibility from their superiors... Free Essays on Purpose Of The Chain Of Command Free Essays on Purpose Of The Chain Of Command The chain of command assists commanders at all levels to achieve their primary function of accomplishing the unit's assigned mission while caring for personnel and property in their charge. A simple and direct chain of command facilitates the transmittal of orders from the highest to the lowest levels in a minimum of time and with the least chance of misinterpretation. The command channel extends upward in the same manner for matters requiring official communication from subordinate to senior. A commander is therefore a commissioned or warrant officer who, by virtue of grade and assignment, exercises primary command authority over a military organization or prescribed territorial area that under pertinent official directives is recognized as â€Å"command.† The key elements of command are authority and responsibility. The commander is responsible for establishing leadership climate of the unit and developing disciplined and cohesive units. This sets the parameters within which command will be exercised and, therefore, sets the tone for social and duty relationships within the command. Leaders are also responsible for the professional development of their soldiers. To this end, they encourage self-study, professional development, and continued growth of their subordinates' military careers. The commanders and other leaders are committed to the professional Army ethic to promote a positive environment. If leaders show loyalty to their soldiers, the Army, and the Nation, they earn the loyalty of their soldiers. The soldiers will be faithful to their leader and follow orders always. If leaders consider their soldiers' needs and care for their wellbeing, and if they demonstrate genuine concern, these leaders build a positive command climate. Duty is obedient and disciplined performance. Soldiers with a sense of duty accomplish tasks given them, seize opportunities for self-improvement, and accept responsibility from their superiors...