Glacial Processes :: essays research papers

There are many different glacial landforms created by glacial erosion, one of these landforms is U-shaped valleys or glacial troughs. This glacial landform has many distinct characteristics. One of these characteristics is that it has very steep valley sides caused by the glacier as it moves down the valley eroding the sides of the valley by the processes of abrasion and plucking. Abrasion is when the boulders and moraine carried by the glacier rubs and erodes the valley side as it physically moves down the valley. Plucking happens when the water in the glacier freezes inside of the cracks in the individual rocks on the valley side then the water freezes and as the glacier moves the rock is plucked or torn from the valley side producing the steep side to the valley. The valley also has wide flat floors caused by ice movement aided by large volumes of melt water and moraine has greater erosive power than that of rivers. This results in the wide floors. The greater erosive power of the glacier than that of a river also causes the valley to be very straight compared to the valley shape that a river has eroded, it has no interlocking spurs because the shear power of the glacier has slowly smashed through the original spurs of the valley. Just before the glacier forms and when the temperatures are cold enough known as the the â€Å"pre glacial† period the process of freeze thaw takes place, this aids the formation of the u shaped valley. Freeze thaw is when the water in the summer enters the cracks of rocks and the in winter when the temperatures have gone below 0 degrees centigrade the water freezes in the cracks and because when water has frozen the particles in the water have less movement and expand causing the rock to shatter. Freeze thaw therefore helps in the formation of the u shaped valley by breaking up the valley floor so that the floor is weakened so the glacier can easily and speedily erode the valley floor by all the conventional forms of erosion like plucking abrasion but with greater ease. There are many of examples of u shaped valleys around the world because wherever there has been a glacier there will be a u shaped valley that has been formed as it moves down the valley. One example of a u shaped valley is that of the valley in the Swiss Alps near san moritz

Difference Between America and South Korea Health Care Essay

Each country has a different procedure when it comes to their health care and their care with pre and postnatal. Some countries can spend a great amount of money on their health care (such as the United States) but still might not have the best health care in the world. Others have special arrangements that new mothers and infants can go through to make sure that they start off their life in a good and healthy environment. In this paper I am going to compare and contrast the infant health care and the overall prenatal care in the United States and South Korea by referencing multiple articles and textbooks that focus on this subject. Both countries have various ways in which they handle their health system and the care of their newborns. There are many factors that determine the health of a newborn such as the nutrition that the soon to be mother consumes, the environment that the mother and the child live in, and the hospital that the child is born in. Throughout the years each of these countries have been putting time and money into their health system with the goal of having the most outstanding health care system in the world. Their progress can be recorded in many different ways which will be discussed within this paper. Also the United States and South Korea both have very different systems when dealing with prenatal and infant care. One way that the infant care of a country is measured is through the mortality rate of the infants. In fact (Bae et al. , 2011), â€Å"Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR) are two of the most important indices reflecting the level of public health of a country† (Abstract Section Para. 1). Without measuring and keeping track of these mortality rates, researches would not be able to figure out what countries are working towards a better health care service and which countries need help. Even though the United States is a developed country, and unlike less developed countries, it should have a high mortality rate. In all actuality the United States has one of the worst mortality rates compared to other counties. According to Levine and Munsch (2012), â€Å"Despite the wealth and the availability of (but not always access to) world-class edical facilities, the United States has the same or worse infant mortality rates compared with 37 other industrialized countries (Hoover Institution, 2007)† (p. 176). There are reasons for the high mortality rate, such as the fact there are many different races, ethnicities, and social statuses within the United States. Race and ethnicity do have an input in a person’s health and their life style. Some races (such as Asians) have a higher life expectancy and a lower mortality rate throughout their race because of the way that they are raised and the traditions that they fallow. The social statuses of the expecting mothers also have an impact on the future children because when the parent is part of a higher social status, it is assumed that they have a higher level of education and therefore know more about how they should care for themselves and their infants. The opposite goes for people who are part of a lower social status. The United States has been lowering the number of infant mortality rates by putting programs in affect to try and help out the health system. Some of these programs are (Bae et al. , 2011), †¦execution of Medicaid (1965), Medicare (1965), Supplemental Security Income (social health care security programs for children and pregnant women of the lower income group), provision of State Children’s Health Insurance Programs, Children Vaccine Program, Health Start Program (1991, Early Head Start Program, full day care service, parent education, case management, Community Resource Assistant)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Discussion Section para. ) and much more. The United States has more programs to help reduce the risk of infant mortality and various diseases, they are also working on other ways to help out the infant mortality rate by focusing on premature and low-birth weight babies. According to Levine and Munsch (2012), â€Å"Birth data compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007a) for 2005 found that the rate of premature births in the United States is 12. 7% or 525,000 babies annually† (p. 178). This number is high for premature births and these programs that are being put into place should help lower it. Even with all of these programs working toward a better health system, South Korea has less of an infant mortality rate. South Korea has improved its health system throughout the years and it has shown in their child care. Their country includes programs such as (Bae et al. , 2011), †¦tests for inborn error of metabolism and care for sick infants (1991), registration of pre-term and congenital abnormal neonates and medical expense support 2000), early diagnosis of deafness (2007), campaign for preventing blindness of preschoolers (2000), prevention of maternal hepatitis B infection (2002†¦(Discussion Section Para. 1) and much more. There are also more programs that are scheduled to appear throughout the fallowing years. As mentioned before it is easier for South Korea to keep their infant mortality rate down because they do not have to focus on many different nati onalities in their country, most of the population in South Korea are Korean. If you compare the two countries and the programs that they are producing it is shown the South Korea has been receiving more advances in the 2000’s while the United States had a breakthrough in their health care in the 1900’s. Copyright  © 2011 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences. This chart shows that South Korea started off with a higher mortality rate and it had a drastic decline. The United States had a decline in the 1900’s and during the 2000’s it started to stabilize. Copyright  © 2011 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences. This Chart gives a better understanding as to where the United States and South Korea stand with other countries. Neither of them are the best or the worst country, however they are on opposite sides of the scale. It is expected for the United States to have a lower mortality rate because of the amount of money put into their health care system, but according to the chart this does not appear to be true. South Korea has a lot of respect when it comes to their infants. They see their children as the future to their country and they are willing to do anything to make sure that their infants are well taken care of. This is shown through the data on the chart above because South Korea is closer to the bottom of the scale instead of the top. Both South Korea and the United States have a different hospital system. South Korea has a post-natal care facility called a sanhujoriwon. According to Yeon-soo (2013), Dozens of mothers and newborns stay together in such facilities and more than half of the places operate as non-medical institutions, leading to occasional problems with hygienic management. To prevent mass infection among babies at sanhujoriwons, the government recently beefed up disease surveillance of workers there and instituted a standard terms of use (Para. 2) South Korea is the only country that has these facilities available for their new mothers. Many pregnant women from all over the world come to South Korea just to get this treatment after they give birth. However, this facility is expensive, so not everyone can afford this luxury. According to Yeon-soo (2013), â€Å"The cost of using an upscale sanhujoriwon is 5 million (4,730 U.  S. dollars) to 10 million won (9,460 dollars) for a two-week stay, but the facility is so popular that a reservation might not be possible if not made six to seven months prior to childbirth† (para. 4). That is the price for the most expensive and luxurious places; other places can be thousands of dollars cheaper. In these facilities the nurses make sure that the patients get the right exercise (such as light yoga) and eat the correct food so that their recovery after birth will be as pleasant and beneficial as possible. They also care for the newborn and make sure that they get the nutrients that they need in the first couple of weeks. This helps out the new mother because they have time to relax and recover while their baby is getting the necessary care that is needed. When the mother is ready to go home after a couple of weeks they have a better time adjusting to their new life with a baby because they had the rest and help that they needed. In the United States they do not have these same accommodations but they to do have systems to help out the new mother. The United States has many medical professionals to help with neonatal and postnatal care. Some of those occupations include (Link, Jakubeez, & Temple, 2013), â€Å"†¦neonatologist, neonatal nurse practitioners, bedside nurses, a clinical pharmacist, neonatal respiratory therapists, a nutritionist, a social worker, medical residents, and medical students† (Backgroud Section Para. 1). With a hospital consisting of these medical professionals the patients are likely to get the help that they need while going through the birthing process. Also many hospitals are expanding in the United States to include more room for neonatal care. The Hillcrest Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio expanded their hospital and included (Link, Jakubeez, & Temple, 2013),†¦Ã¢â‚¬ a new 24 bed level 3 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and additional beds to accommodate high-risk maternal medicine patients† (Background Section para. 1). They expanded their hospital so that they could care for more patients at once; also so that the patients got the opportunity to receive the best care available to them. Usually after a mother gives birth (depending on the birthing method), the mother will stay at the hospital for a couple of days, and then return home. While at the hospital the nurses will help the mother with nursing, feeding, and changing the child. They will also make sure that the mother is recovering well after the birthing process. Both in the United States and in South Korea, they have programs to help mothers and infants after birth. However, the system in South Korea is more advanced because it keeps the mother and infants for a longer period of time which is more beneficial to their health. Nutrition to a pregnant women is a very important factor. If the mother does not get the correct nutrition than they are putting themselves at risks for multiple diseases. Also they are not only putting themselves at risk but they are also putting their unborn baby at risk. Some diseases that the mother can catch from bad nutrition are gestational diabetes, gestational hyptertension, and preeclampsia. Gestational diabetes when not looked after turns into gestational hyptertension; the worst out of the three that were mentioned is preeclampsia. This is because (Sizer & Whitney, 2011), â€Å"Preeclampsia affects almost all of the mother’s organs—the circulatory system, liver, kidneys, and brain† (p. 508). If all of these organs are affected than the baby is at a serious risk of getting hurt. Most of these diseases will disappear after giving birth, but it raises the risk for the mother to catch another serious disease, such as type two diabetes. When a pregnant women is diagnosed with having gestational diabetes they are more likely to catch type two diabetes later on in life. It might not be right away but it could happen a couple of years later. Also they are more likely to be diagnosed with gestational diabetes again if they ever become pregnant again. Being overweight and pregnant is a big risk during pregnancy. In fact (Chen et al. , 2013), â€Å"Metabolic impairments in maternal obesity and gestational diabetes (GDM) induce an abnormal environment in peripheral blood and cause vascular structure alterations which affect the placental development and function† (Abstract section Para. 1). As mentioned before it does not only affect the mother but it also affects the unborn child, but it also affects the child after they are born. Using APA, 2013), â€Å"The historical poor outcomes of pre-gestational diabetes are testimony to the harmful effects of high glucose in early pregnancy as manifest by congenital malformations and in later pregnancy as evidenced by LGA [large-for-gestational-age] and its consequences. † (para. 2). The reason why this is more of a problem in the United States is because they have a higher obesity record than South Korea has. So more women throughout the United States are developing these diseases than women in South Korea. (Amamoto et al. 005) â€Å"Comparison of body mass index (BMI) distributions in Japan and Korea showed the highest value in the normal category (74%) together with a very low obesity rate (1. 2%)† (Results section para. 1). Since South Korea has a low obesity rate within their, they are less likely to give birth to large babies. However, the opposite goes for Women who live in the United States and are obese. This is a problem because (Sizer & Whitney, 2011), â€Å"The infant of an obese mother may be larger than normal and may be large even if born prematurely. The large early baby may not be recognized as premature and thus may not receive the special medical care required† (p. 492). A premature baby might not be completely developed and need medical assistance after the birth. If the doctors don’t know that the baby has developmental problems than the newborn runs the risk of dying. This could also explained for the high mortality rate in the United States since they have a higher rate of obesity and it is difficult to label a child as premature and unhealthy if they are at a healthy weight. The environment that the pregnant women is living in is very crucial to her and her unborn child’s health. There are many illnesses that a woman can pass on to her child from environments that are hazards. When a mother is in her embryonic stage her baby is at a point of rapid development. This is a very crucial stage because the baby is starting to grow their organs, however they are also more likely to catch a disease which could cause a deformity during this stage. If the mother catches a disease than they are more likely during this stage to pass it to their baby which could cause a miscarriage or deformities. The issue of the environment is more of a problem for South Korea because of all the pollution that is in the air. South Korea is a very overpopulated country (especially in Seoul) and with all the cars and factories the air gets easily polluted. According to Sizer and Whitney (2011), â€Å"Pregnant women who are exposed to contaminants such as lead often bear low-birthweight infants with delayed mental and psychomotor developments† (p. 04). This is also an issue in some part of the United States, but it depends on where the person lives. If a pregnant women lives next to a factory that produces hazardous smoke than they are more likely to give birth to a baby with deformities. However, in South Korea many pregnant women are exposed to polluted air for most of their pregnancy and some of their babies are born with serious skin pro blems. There is air pollution everywhere a pregnant women goes but if the pollution is high than they are putting the baby more at risk. There are many factors that play into the prenatal and postnatal health. South Korea and the United States both work hard to make their health system the best that it can be. They have many programs in place and many more programs to come in the future. They are working on their hospitals to make sure they are as convenient as possible so that the mothers and newborns can have the best possible health care. Both countries are working towards lowering their mortality rate and lessening the amount of premature and low-birth-weight children. There is also the nutrition and the environment that the mother is exposed too. A simple factor as being obese can cause serious damage to the mother and the unborn child. Many expecting mothers do not understand that concept so they do not see the risk in it. Of course one country has a better health care system then the other, however they both have pros and cons to their countries. The United States has more funds to deal with and has more medical professionals working in their hospitals so that their patients can receive the best care possible. The negative aspect of the United States is that they have a high obesity rate and a high mortality rate. They also need to work on more programs to lower their mortality rate so that they can have the best possible health care. South Korea has excellent postnatal care, which many people around the world want to experience and be a part of. Also they have a low level of obesity so they are not as likely as the United States to get the diseases that come along with being overweight. The negative aspect of Korea is that their environment is not the best because of the pollution that is surrounding the air. South Korea is an overpopulated country so the air is filled with pollutants that are not good for a pregnant woman and can cause low-birth weight and birth defects. Overall both countries have areas in their health care system that they have to work on and areas outside of their health care system that they need to address. However, as of right now South Korea has a more exceptional health care system than the United States, especially when it comes to infant care.

Colorado School of Mines Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Colorado School of Mines is public research university with an acceptance rate of 49%. Located in Golden, Colorado, Mines is an engineering school with a specialized focus on the earths resources, including minerals, materials, energy, and related fields. The school has the highest admissions standards of any public university in Colorado. The university has a 16-to-1  student/faculty ratio  and an average class size of 33. In athletics, the Orediggers compete at the NCAA Division II level. Considering applying to Colorado School of Mines? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Colorado School of Mines had an acceptance rate of 49%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 49 students were admitted, making Mines admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 12,661 Percent Admitted 49% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 19% SAT Scores and Requirements Colorado School of Mines requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 72% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 630 710 Math 660 740 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Colorado School of Mines admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Mines scored between 630 and 710, while 25% scored below 630 and 25% scored above 710. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 660 and 740, while 25% scored below 660 and 25% scored above 740. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1450 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Mines. Requirements The SAT writing section is optional at Colorado School of Mines. The admissions office will evaluate the writing section if submitted. Note that Colorado School of Mines does not superscore SAT results; your highest composite SAT score will be considered. ACT Scores and Requirements Colorado School of Mines requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 57% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 27 34 Math 28 33 Composite 28 33 This admissions data tells us that most of Mines admitted students fall within the top 11% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Colorado School of Mines received a composite ACT score between 28 and 33, while 25% scored above 33 and 25% scored below 28. Requirements Note that Colorado School of Mines does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. At Mines, the ACT writing section is optional. The admissions office will evaluate the writing section if submitted. GPA In 2018, the middle 50% of Colorado School of Mines incoming freshmen class had high school GPAs between 3.75 and 4.0. 25% had a GPA above 4.0, and 25% had a GPA below 3.75. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Colorado School of Mines have primarily A grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Colorado School of Mines Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Colorado School of Mines. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Colorado School of Mines has a competitive admissions pool with high average GPAs and SAT/ACT scores. However, Mines has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. Meaningful extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule can strengthen your application, as can a glowing application essay. Applicants may also submit an optional letter of recommendation. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores are outside of Mines average range. In the scattergram above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that the majority of successful applicants had high school averages of 3.5 or higher, SAT scores (ERWM) of about 1200 or higher, and ACT composite scores of 24 or higher. The higher those numbers, the better your chances of admission. If You Like Colorado School of Mines, You May Also Like These Schools Stanford UniversityCornell UniversityCal PolyCarnegie Mellon UniversityPurdue UniversityHarvey Mudd College All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Colorado School of Mines Undergraduate Admissions Office.

The Benefits Of Music Therapy Essay - 1342 Words

The Unbeknownst Benefits of Music Therapy Music therapy, a clinical use of music interventions to accomplish therapeutic goals, involves a broad range of activities including playing an instrument, singing, or listening to music. Similar to occupational and physical therapy, this expressive arts therapy remedies psychological conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or hypertension to maintain the well-being of an individual. Likewise, music has been a therapeutic tool that has shown positive effects to parts of the brain including regions involved in emotion, sensation, movement, and cognition. Although music therapy is a somewhat new-found treatment, it is used prominently today. Administered by a trained therapist, this type of therapy is used in correctional facilities, nursing homes, hospices, and special education schools. Although music therapy is a somewhat modern discovery, its formation was many years in the making. In the early 1800s, the therapeutic value of music appeare d in two medical journals by Edwin Atlee and Samuel Mathews. Both contributors were students of physician and psychiatrist, Dr. Benjamin Rush, a strong advocate of music therapy for medical diseases. However, during the 1800s, the first recorded music therapy intervention in an institutional setting occurred, as well as the first recorded systematic experiment in music therapy. Nonetheless, music therapy was formally instituted in the United States in the 1920s when musicians played forShow MoreRelatedMusic Therapy: What Are the Benefits?1193 Words   |  5 Pagesalternative is music therapy. Music therapy is used address health issues regarding their physical and emotional health. The therapist meets with a patient to learn about their strengths and weaknesses before creating a customized treatment plan. Some methods of treatment include singing, playing with instruments and listening to music. These methods of treatment in turn help the patients learn different skills that can al so be used to improve their daily lives. Research shows that music therapy has multipleRead MoreBenefits Of Music Therapy On Children Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesBenefits of Music Therapy in Autistic children Benefits of Music Therapy in Autistic children Literature Review Zuleima Haskins â€Æ' Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of conditions of the brain development. (Vries, 2015). The main characteristic of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is that they have difficulties to adapt and interact with other people. Also, individuals with Autism have problems with their development of verbal and nonverbal communicationRead MoreReducing the Aches and Pains of Life with Music Therapy1286 Words   |  5 PagesTherapeutic use of music is also extremely effective at reducing the everyday aches and pains that humans experience. 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Music therapy is defined as â€Å"treatment including creating, singing, moving to, and/or listening to music† (â€Å"What isRead MoreMusic Therapy Has Been Used For Many Years1629 Words   |  7 PagesMusic Therapy is a branch of therapy where music is used to benefit individuals. Qualified music therapists work with many different types of people and introduce them to music in order to help them. Individuals must go through schooling to become music therapists. Patients create music, sing, and listen to music. Music therapist are professionally trained and are able to use m usic to help those affected by mental illness, physical pain, and disabilities. Music has many affects on the brain. MusicRead MoreWhy Does Music Move Us?1099 Words   |  5 Pagesstyles and soothing melodies, but why? A number of recent research studies have shown that music has a unique and profound effect on the brain. 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This article provides specific insight in regards to whether music throughout therapy is beneficial to those experiencing forms of dementia. According to, Sherrati, Thorton Hatton, p. 13, (2004), â€Å"The use of the term music in this paper refers to a variety of music interventions (eg. listening to music), whereas the termsRead MoreTherapies For Autistic Children.Individuals Take For Granted1678 Words   |  7 PagesTherapies for Autistic Children Individuals take for granted the luxury of embodying qualities such as communication, interaction, and social and motor skills. Although, individuals may determine the aforementioned skills are more difficult to obtain because of a disability. Autism or autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder that effects many children in the United States of America. Communication, interaction, and motor and social skills are usually effected in the autistic child.

Career Development Plan For A Career Plan - 2386 Words

Career Development Plan The fundamental role of any aspiring professional is the development of a distinctive career plan. Although the development of a career plan may seem simple but it does require careful thoughtful planning and effort. Determining career goals and objectives, allows for the assessment of current skills, talents, and the realistic ability to attain the predetermined goals at the end of the plan. The goals determined in a career plan should be achievable and considered the starting point of any achievable plan. As a graduate student, it would be imperative to begin to develop a career plan that includes an assessment of my skills and abilities. My personal goals may include to become a nursing leader in my community. My educational goals include to have a doctorate degree in nursing. Last, professionally my goal is to aspire a highly position in my nursing career. Through the development of this Career Development Plan would allow for a clear direction in attaining my personal, educatio nal, and professional goals. A Description of Current Position Currently, I work as a nursing instructor, teaching at a local educational institute in the practical nurse program. This practical nursing program is designed as an intensive accelerated program with each class lasting approximately ten weeks per term. I do not teach a specific subject matter in the program. Depending on the term, I might teach Fundamental of Nursing and lab simulation, Medical-Surgery andShow MoreRelatedCareer Plan For A Career Development Plan1228 Words   |  5 Pages Career Development Plan Vivian Morgan A career development plan will help you improve or maintain your current level of success and prepare for future opportunities. The career development plan will aid in enhancing my personal growth and heighten my career development. 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Internet Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Internet Persuasive Essay The internet was created for the cold war, in the event that the U.S. were attacked, there would be no communication among the nations leaders, because traditional communication would be disrupted by a nuclear blast. Since that time, the internet survived only though commercialization, the original form of the internet was scrapped when the cold war ended. Now, with this medium in the hands of anyone who wants to pay for service, the Internet has exploded with controversial materials that some people think should be censored. When I started this project, I asked the question should the Internet be regulated and if so, how and why? First we’ll look at why the Internet needs regulation, Then how would our government go about doing so? There are several issues that are controversial with the internet. There is pornography, racism, and hate material floating around out there that is accessiable to children all too easily. For the purposes of this paper, I will only discuss the por nography issue, since talking about all of the censorship issues would take more than a short research paper to discuss. In early 1995, a research team at the Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania released one of the most revealing studies into online pornography. The value of study titled â€Å"marketing Pornography on the information superhighway† is realized mainly due to its massive sample size. There are several issues about pornography on the internet that were highlighted by the study. The research team surveyed 917,410 â€Å"sexually explicit pictures, descriptions, short stories and film clips†. Of special intrest were usenet newsgroups, which are basically electronic forums. It was found that 83.5 percent of the digitized images stored on these newsgroups were pornographic pictures. This finding indicates that there clearly is a substantial amout of pornography on the net. However, this doesn’t answer the question, how easy is it to fi nd? In the same study, The student used a search engine called â€Å"Altavista†, typed in the keyword â€Å"sex†, and 616,156 matches were returned. Of the first 20 only 2 links were pornographic sites. Next, on the same search engine, the keyword â€Å"tits† was typed in and 69,920 links were returned. Of the first 20 of these links 17 were to pornographic sites. After looking into one of the sites listed, it was clear that is was used for exchanging child porn. This shows that it is likely that a minor would come across these sites because of their juvinile desire to look up dirty words. Just like an elementary school kid would look up â€Å"cuss† words in the dictionary. Porn is no longer just â€Å"Playboy† like photos. We have enterd an age where there is a high demand for â€Å"pedophilia† (nude photos of children), â€Å"hebephilia† (youths) and what’s called â€Å"paraphilia† (a grab bag of deviant material that includes images of bondage sadomasochism, urination, defication and sex act with barn yard animals). People who are against censorship of the internet often argue that it would make no difference because obscene material is avalible outside of the internet , even to children. On the internet, childer can be exposed to material even the most adventuresome kid would never get into with out it. That argument is no valid anymore. Bibliography:

(De)Mystifying Gustav Lebon’s Irrational Crowd Essay Sample free essay sample

The topic of mass motion or herd behaviour and action has long been a combative point for bookmans. On the one manus. there are those who consider such motions as symptoms of the built-in pathology in human nature. of the failure of civilization to repress the basic inherent aptitudes that make humans no lesser than animate beings. On the other manus. there are bookmans who contend that human existences non merely retain their humanity but in fact preserve it by their ability to work en masse to accomplish common ends and ideals. In supplying a model for the survey of the behaviour of mass motions. Gustav Lebon’s work on group psychological science continues to vibrate among bookmans who have put his work to utilize either by wholly exposing his claims or raising grounds to back up them. However. a reading of Lebon’s chief averment clearly raises more inquiries than replies as he fails to confirm his claims logically and hence fails to light the critical audience on the behaviour of the rabble. Gustav Lebon’s chief theoretical point is encapsulated in his seminal workThe Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind.Published in 1895. Lebon’s work on crowd psychological science became popular and influential among solons and bookmans likewise. Here. Lebon argued that the crowd will ever be inferior to the person. The crowd is the probationary being created when persons become organized for a end or a cause. ( 122 ) However. this being is defined by its stark contrast to persons. that is. the crowd is incapable of critical analysis and logical logical thinking therefore doing them vulnerable to stimulation from the intrigues of provocateurs and the fascination of illusory and abstract thoughts. Using this model. Lebon attempts to explicate the behaviour of historical mass motions such as the Gallic revolution and organize his primary thesis of â€Å"the jurisprudence of mental integrity of the crowd. † This jurisprudence stipulates that the â€Å"minds of crowds† ( 122 ) are organized harmonizing to race. composing. and the nature of the stimulation. Lebon farther argues that the crowd. as a probationary being. has wholly different features from the persons that form it since rank in a crowd dissolves the witting personality of persons. Therefore. the features of the crowd do non depend on the accretion of the positive traits or values of the person. On the contrary. the crowd brings out the built-in attitudes. values. and motivations of persons that have heherto been masked by the elements of instruction. societal outlooks. and societal position. Undoubtedly. the strength of Lebon’s thoughts lies in the empirical attack with which he approaches the topic. Building upon and using the promotions in psychological science during his clip. he uses these to analyse historical and current events to show the soundness of his statement. Therefore. he comes up with the construct of the psychological crowd ; one that does non needfully confine persons to the traditional impression of being gathered in the same infinite at the same clip but connected by their common characteristic and commonalty of entrenched thoughts. Similarly. by admiting that thoughts have no intrinsic value in themselves. Lebon besides debunks the thought of the absolute Truths in much as the same mode that postmodern bookmans have abandoned tyranny in favour of relativism. Ideas so go superior merely when it is embraced by the crowd. which has the ability to convey thoughts to world. It is by beat uping the crowd behind thoughts that change in society and history is created. On the other manus. the racialist and biological fatalist prejudice is evident in Lebon’s work. He observes. for case. that the features of crowds are influenced by their race and by the bounds of heredity. It is implied in these statements that peculiar races. due to their built-in lower status from other races. are bound to be less irrational and hence more prone to crowd-like behaviour than others. It is hence in these premises that Lebon’s arguments finally weaken as he presumes that the audience portions the same position of a predistined or unconditioned failing among worlds originating from their faulty biological science and abnormalcy. Lebon’s insisting on the incapableness of the crowd for rational action and judgement is besides its booby trap. This thought stems from his averment that the crowd is governed by the unconcious or the cardinal inherent aptitudes of world. However. Lebon contradicts himself when he acknowledges that it is frequently necessary to first set up an idea—implant it even—in the head of the crowd before they can be made to move on its history. This nidation of the thought. he grudgingly accedes. can take a long clip ( 129 ) and resembles the formation of human wonts. It is here that the disagreement between his statements. primary of which is of the irrational and unlogical crowd. becomes pronounced. If the crowd is non capable of critical analysis and retrospection. so the demand for set uping the cogency and the acceptableness of an thought is unneeded. there is merely the demand to score the crowd with capturing images to derive their understanding. For case. there w ill be no demand to convert the provincial crowd of the cogency of the thought of revolution or rebellion against the barbarous regulation of the landlords and the monarchy. there is merely the demand to stir the desire for bloodshed and the multitudes will spontaneously arise. However. Lebon himself has observed that it took about a century before the provincials and the freshly lifting bourgoisie were able to mobilise themselves into a formidable force adequate to face the monarchy. Lebon clearly glosses over the fact that human existences are non capable to ideas entirely. they are besides capable to the myriad of experiences which shape the kingdom of cognition and acquisition. Hence. the crowd or the multitudes must be able to associate accessible thoughts to its world to derive cogency. prove the soundness of these thoughts in empirical pattern. and acknowledge their high quality or lower status from triumph or licking. Alas. in denying these worlds as inferior. Lebon himself condemns the construct of an â€Å"intelligent crowd. † and refuses to accept that a assemblage of intelligent heads will consequence intelligent actions and determinations. By making the myth of the violent rabble. Lebon expects the audience to accept his claims. This is unfortunate. as he merely mentions the inexorable parts of history as grounds in support of his theory ( 125 ) but fails to account for specific cases where the crowd is able to move in a rational and well-plann ed mode such as in civil noncompliance and consensus-building. Consequently. Lebon reduces popular sentiment as a mere merchandise of â€Å"contagion† and of the hypnosis wherein the thoughts are transmitted in about the same mode as a viral infection that transforms its members into destructive and revengeful animals. He attacks the conformance with which persons are likely to comprehend thoughts and images as the ground why merely a few are able to lift from the ranks of the crowd to be its maestro. However. Lebon fails to account for the function of societal and cultural establishments and norms in mythmaking and in the saving of dominant thoughts that hold the crowd in bondage in the same manner that the oppressive leader does. He hence fails to account for the behaviour clearly meant to interrupt the dominant norms. and so. against the subjugation and domination of a few tyrant. In the terminal. Gustav Lebon’s definition of the crowd as incapable of contemplation despite several cogent evidences in history to demo the contrary crumbles upon the heavy weight of unfavorable judgment. Ironically. it is in his pursuit of lighting the rabble that Lebon creates more myths around crowd behaviour and succeeds in convolving affairs even more. It is hence in his hastiness to turn out that the crowd would neer be superior over the person. that Lebon non merely undermines the capableness of the â€Å"intelligent crowd† for corporate retrospection and acquisition but besides attempts to get away unfavorable judgment and judgement from the rabble for his hasty and uncorroborated generalisations. Plants Cited: Lebon. Gustav. ( 1895 )The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind.