Financial problem in a country or organization of your choice Essay Example for Free

Financial problem in a country or organization of your choice adjudicateDiscuss the causes of a fiscal problem in a country or organization of your choice and suggest some solutions. Specify the problem and the urban center/Country and relate to a particular study. Zimbabwe is an agricultural based prudence previously known as the bread-basket of Southern Africa. In the past decade, the country see a drastic economic disintegration due to wide range of factors including unconstitutional land redistribution, health, decline in foreign investment and hyperinflation. The Zimbabwean parsimony is strongly intertwined with politics therefore the political instability subsequently offset the economy. In 2000, the government embarked on the land reform programme which removed fair commercial farmers from ar fitting lands so that it could be redistributed among black farmers. The experienced farmers were replaced by mostly black subsistence ones, with no farming knowledge, equipmen t and capital and therefore could non arrest at a commercial scale.There was no agricultural export, meaning there was a loss of foreign currency being injected into the economy on a regular basis. This marked the beginning of economic downfall. Richardson (2004307). The failure of the agricultural sector which is the backbone of the economy led to the economic crisis. This meant that the government could not generate enough revenue to sustain its infrastructures such as the health sector. Health conditions are directly related to the poor economy. Sick workers were not able to work as much or as productively as healthy ones. Labour markets were less efficient and the market was not able to produce as much. Consequently, the economy produced far less per-worker than a similar healthy economy. This was evident in Zimbabwe by the low participation rate that at honorable over 35 %, as opposed to 51.08 % in the U.S. or 51.97 % in Japan. Richardson (2004289).Another contributing facto r was that foreign investors also fled, due to insecurities and the government policies dictating that 51% ownership of their businesses should be locally owned. Foreign direct investment fell to zero by 2001, and theWorld Banks risk premium on investment in Zimbabwe shot up from 4 % to 20 % that year as well. Hill (2003 109). Furthermore, the Zimbabwean economy was brought down by the illegal sanctions (an identify that is given to force a country to obey international laws by limiting or stopping trade with it. Merriam-Webster dictionary 2012198) imposed by the American and European superpowers. This meant that no trade was to be done with Zimbabwe. There was a sudden death of foreign currency and investment influx to the country.The U.S. and Britain have partly withheld financial support for Zimbabwe and there would be no access to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) because they could not pay their debt and the prevailing hyperinflationary conditions. Hill (2003 102). The ca uses of Zimbabwes financial problem can be mitigated by first achieving a political breakthrough that will depoliticize the economy. Then, land should be re-redistributed among experienced commercial farmers and have the less experienced ones to ensure a more sustainable output. There must also be a liberalisation of foreign investment regulations to pull out the foreign investors. In conclusion, these suggested solutions will help to rebuild the economy and restore Zimbabwe as the bread basket of Southern Africa.ReferencesRichardson, C,J. 2004. The Collapse of Zimbabwe in the Wake of the 20002003 cut Reforms. New York Edwin MellenHill, G. 2003. The Battle for Zimbabwe. Cape Town Zebra

Public School System Essay Example for Free

Public aim System EssayAbstr symboliseThe public domesticate transcription in America is a topic that is surrounded by great debate. There be many questions that surround this topic. The inquiry question for this paper was, is the public give instruction scheme impuissance to prep ar our children for the future? And, what solutions are available if the arranging is flunk? The methodology the researcher used in this paper was literature review, and he excessively conducted an interview with someone working in the field. In this paper the researcher explains how the public school remains is failing to prepare our children for the future. The paper similarly explains how the t to each oneing styles are bulge dated. The researcher overly explains the solutions that are already in place and the possible solutions for the future.IntroductionFor several decades, the public school system has been a topic of great debate. There are many questions surrounding this topic, su ch as Is the public schools system failing to prepare our children? Who should make the class? Who should make the policies? And what mathematical function and say do the parents countenance in their childrens education? These are just a few littleons of the questions that may come up with the topic of public education. This topic is important to me because of the diverse educational background I come from. I moolahed out my educational experience in regular(a) classes and then was moved to advanced classes and finally, after failing, I ended up at an alternative school. That is why I ask the question, is the public school system failing to prepare our children for the future, what are the problems, and if it is what is being done to fix it?Due to my educational background I do take that the public school system is failing to prepare our children. I also believe there are many contributing f answerors, such as, the school staff, the government, the teachers union, and even t he parents. I also believe that there are many ways to fix the system, like new union and staff rules, changing the curriculum, and involving more than educators than politicians when forming policies.This topic is important for all children in the U.S. public school system, because if the system is successfully improved, their instruction experience provide be greatly enhanced. It will also benefit the teachers, because they will have the hazard to truly serve the community rather than just deprivation to work. This has become a very complex topic but after reading the research ahead you will see that the answer is relatively simple.Review of LiteratureThere is an idea that our public schools are failing to prepare our children for the future. This future could be four year college, technical school or directly into the work place. It is the job of our public schools to prepare each student for all of these futures. However, it seems that the idea that their failing has become the reality and it is a concerning thought that America is producing children less prepared for the world than are other countries.The National Center for Education conducted a necessitate in 1995 involving students from forty one countries. They tested skills in math and science for students in fourth, eighth, and twelfth grades. What they found at the fourth grade level was that the students were supra the international average in mathematics and science. At the eighth grade level they found that the students scored below the international average in mathematics, but above the average in science. At the twelfth grade level they found that the students scored below the international average among the lowest of the participating nations. (Calsyn, Gonzales, Frase, 1999)This seems to be the trend with our students in America. They tend to level off instead of advancing like students in other nations. Part of this problem is due to the teaching that the students receive. This is de scribed in the 1995 deliberate by the National Center for Education eighth grade U.S. mathematics teachers typical goal is to teach students how to do something, while Japanese teachers goal is to stand by students learn how to do something and also understand mathematical concepts so that they can solve future problems. (Calsyn, Gonzales, Frase, 1999) Some teaching was said to be boring and out dated.The students some cartridge clips seem like drones listening to the person in the front of the room rather than grasping the unscathed idea. Mike OConner described in his interview. (OConner, 2012) The documentary Waiting for Superman also talked about the case of the bad teacher. Which, if your school has one, it was said that you would be stuck with it? This is mainly because of the union benefit called tenure that protects teachers from being laid-off for the wrong reasons, but also makes it very difficult and sometimes impossible to dismiss the bad teachers. (Guggenheim, 2010) Teachers are not the only problem and should not be the only source of blame.There are higher positions to the school system than just teachers such as principals, administrators, and city officials that all play a role in the failing system. The name Dependant teachers, Ineffective Principals, Failing Children describes the differences between having fair administrators and bad. The article goes on to say that if a school has a trusty administrator they will attract good teachers. Then it dialogue about bad administrators and their need for power and control. This in turn will attract teachers who have dependency needs and do not tolerate independence. (Muschel, Fall 1979) In other words, if you have bad leaders you get bad followers. This article also describes how through the use of rules, regulations, paperwork, and language an administrator can control the staff. They do this to give themselves job satisfaction, but it ultimately stops the teachers from effectively engagin g in the classroom. (Muschel, Fall 1979)The government officials also play a role in the way our schools lesson plans are laid out. The article Needed Educational Philosophy as a guide for Decision Making in the Public Schools touches on this. (Klein, springiness 1977) The article dialog about how the endeavors of our politicians change our schools curriculum. It also enjoins that the direction our realm is going in comparison with other nations changes our curriculum. One mannikin of this is during our endeavors to beat Russia into space our children were required to learn complex and abstract science and math disciplines. (Klein, Spring 1977)Another example of the politics behind education is the No Child Left Behind act of 2002. This act by congress domains that each state set up a standard that each student has to test at. It also gives the parents the right to pull a child out of a failing school and put them in a better one. In addition it holds the state accountable for its education. The article Conflicts over Directing the Education of Children Who Controls, Parents or School Officials, talks about this act. It says that the schools are more accountable for a students yearly success. It also states that the schools need to use researched based methods of teaching.It also talks about how the act is somewhat of a control of parental rights in the manner that it is up for the individual to seek education. Overall, it mainly talks about how the act should help improve students who are in economically disadvantaged areas, but does not touch on the failing children in the more economically placid areas. (Russo, 2005) Mike OConner also talked about the No Child Left Behind act in his interview. He mainly said that it is a good idea, but it is about twenty years too late. He said this because of the times we are in. He also described how this is the technology and data age, it is time we start teaching in that capacity, rather than make provisions tha t still support our old system. (OConner, 2012)One other problem which was touched on by the film Changing Education Paradigms. This problem was the fact that children are medicated for ADHA too much and too quickly. It was described that children now are being bombarded by information from every technological device around them. This, in turn, distracts them from the information on the blackboard, which appears boring. To deal with this the students are medicated to calm them down and making them pay attention. It also showed that the prescriptions are given more frequently as you head east across the states. (Robinson, 2010)That is just some of the problems with public education today. There are many more like attendance issues, and the childrens home environment. These are just some of the main points surrounding our public schools problems. Now it is time to address some of the solutions to these problems.As the problem of the failing public education system grew so did the dema nd for a solution. Educators and others came up with one solution which has mixed reviews. This was the conception of the alternative, or have schools. These schools are set up for the student to ultimately succeed in todays curriculum, with more ease and confidence.The article An Oasis of Hope the forefinger of cerebration Developmentally (McCarty Quirk, 2003) talks about how the public schools have placed some children in low quality, control based programs which give them limited outcomes. It goes on to say that these children need to be put in alternative programs that follow positive guidelines. These guidelines should follow these principles All children must have opportunities for success based on efforts which are celebrated by significant adults. All children need to be seen for their strengths. All children must have opportunities to develop qualities which follow a healthy developmental progression. All children have the right to live and learn in contexts relevant t o their real lives and dreams. (p. 106) The article also describes how to use these principals in the framework for alternative schools for surplus needs children. (McCarty Quirk, 2003)The idea of alternative and claim schools is in our own backyard of Milwaukee. Wisconsin ranks among the leaders in education, according to the article substitute(a) Education Programs in Milwaukee. (Howard, Summer 2003) The article states that, in 1990 the state of Wisconsin legislated mandatory alternative education programs for children at adventure of not graduating from high school. Howard states that the legislation set parameters that qualify the children as at risk such as one or more years behind their age group in the number of high school credits attained, normal truants, adjudicated delinquents, and parents. (Howard, Summer 2003)The article also says that by August fifteenth of each year the schools must have a plan in place for each student who is at risk. It goes on to describe the classes as a fifteen to one student to teacher ratio, which allows personalized time with each student. (Howard, Summer 2003) Howard also talks about three different alternative schools which are Silverspring Neighborhood Academy, Shalom High School, and Cornerstone Achievement Center. Each school has a different flak to the alternative setting, but they all share equal success with their students, according to the article. (Howard, Summer 2003)The video documentary Waiting for Superman is a great example of the successes of charter schools. This documentary talks about several schools across the country. Most of these schools are in the larger cities, but some are in the suburbs. It talks about the great success stories that each school has where the public sector is failing. It also stated that the students graduating from the schools shown were adequately prepared for college. The film also showed the demand for the schools in the failing districts, because the students had to be placed in a lottery just to get in. According to the film, al near all the students who attended the charter schools were successful and most went on to college.Another way the school system can improve is by completely restructuring the way the children are taught. According to Mike OConner, in his interview, the schools were designed to educate children fifty years ago. He states that the schools need to personalize learning and base the education on competency rather than credits. One example of this would be not having archaic technology bans such as cell phones and I Pads. Also, with the competency rather than credit program, a child could start school and finish at their own pase, rather than six years of elementary, two years of middle school, and four years of high school.An example of that is two students start their freshman year one student finishes school in three years, the other in five. Mike also says that part of the solution is pacing, relevancy, and refocusing o n creativity which will help keep children involved and help them develop their passions. This is the focal points of what he is stressful to do at his school. He also states that although these are great solutions, he does not see it at the state or national level yet. Additionally he thinks that if the school system does not act soon on these ideas, Americas dropout rate and failure rate will rise drastically. (OConner, 2012)DiscussionAs the research shows the public school system is failing to prepare our children. There are many contributing factors to this. The way I see it is there are too many people trying to be in charge. The schools are controlled by federal, state and local governments. First of all, none of these bodies are education experts. Second, each of these government bodies has their own interests in mind, not necessarily the well being of the children. Third, the three different bodies of government seldom see eye to eye with each other.This is why I think the s tate and local government need to step out completely in the areas of curriculum not in the areas of budgets. I think if this happened the school system will be on one united front, which would be a good start. They could make teaching a federal job then, and at that point they could abate the teachers union, and the teachers could still get union like benefits. With this they could make the teaching jobs more carrying out based. This would also abolish the idea of bad teachers and administrators, because if they have bad performance they would no longer be working in that field.That is just part of the problem. The bigger problem at hand is our outdated curriculum and teaching style. I experienced this, my whole life in school, until my senior year of high school when I was placed in an alternative program. The idea of alternative and charter schools is great, because it gives children a chance, and it promotes competition with the public sector. I think the charter schools are o n the right track, but if they do not keep continue with forward-looking ideas, they will be in the same situation as the public sector. I think the best way for all to benefit is to restructure the whole teaching curriculum and learning environment. I think we need to structure it as if our underway time was 2025 and not 2012, because if we do that we will not be starting out dated from the get go.ConclusionPublic education is an important role in our childrens lives. It is there to help them develop learning and life skills for the future, so that they may go on and play vital roles in society. It is unfortunate that the research shows that our current public school system is failing to prepare our children for the future. It also shows that there are many reasons for this such as, the government, the design of the curriculum and teaching styles, school staff, the parents, and, in some regard, the teachers union. There is hope however, the invention of the charter school is help ing children graduate and preparing them for college. There are also some acts that the government has put in place to have some right for the childrens success. It is hopeful because there are others out there trying to reshape our whole education system to benefit todays needs.Our current system is failing. We are behind in almost all subjects when compared to other nations. This is a scary thought when you think of a global economy. Our children are not as prepared as children in other countries to fulfill job needs on a global scale. This means that our children currently are less likely to have the skills to make the new inventions that will carry our nation into the future. This potential is that America, as a whole, will fall behind other nations in all aspects, and it could all be due to education. All of these are frightening thoughts and if we do not act quickly and make changes now it is only going to get harder.Education is one of the most important parts in building so ciety. In our country we are provided the opportunity to have somewhat remedy public education. Our system seems to be failing this failure provides a great opportunity. There are many ways to repair it and it is time that we stop travel with the issue, and start making leaps and bounds. If we start working together we can rebuild the corner stone to a successful society, which is education.ReferencesCalsyn, C., Gonzales, P., Frase, M. (1999). Highlights from TIMMS. Washington, D.C. U.S. Department of Education. Guggenheim, D. (Director). (2010). Waiting for Superman Motion Picture. Howard, T. (Summer 2003). Alternative Education Programs Milwaukee. Reclaiming Children and Youth , 121-123. Klein, D. S. (Spring 1977). Needed Educational Philosophy as a Guide for Decision-Makeing in the Public Schools. Education , 290-293. McCarty, B. C., Quirk, C. A. (2003). An Oasis OF Hope The Power of Thinking Developmentally. Reclaiming Children and Youth , 105-107.Muschel, I. (Fall 1979, Fal l). Dependent Teachers, Ineffective Principals, Failing Children. Education , 06-12. OConner, M. (2012, February 2). A Principals Point of Veiw. (D. Miller, Interviewer) Robinson, K. (Director). (2010). Changing Education Paradigms Motion Picture. Russo, C. J. (2005). Conflicts over Directing the Education of Children Who Controls, Parents or School Officials? The diary of Education , 27-40.

Cri Du Chat Syndrome And Causes Biology Essay

Cri Du Chat Syndrome And Causes Biology EssayMost cases of Cri-du-chat syndrome are not the consequence of an inherited problem. Cri-du-chat syndrome allow for from a deletion in the desoxyribonucleic acid molecule that makes up a chromosome. In most cases, this chromosome break will occur in the cooking glob or sperm. When this gamete is fertilized, the child will develop cri-du-chat syndrome. The parents, however, do not pull in the break themselves in any of their other cells. In fact, the break is usually such a rare and random termination that it is very unlikely to happen again if the parent has another child. Thus affected people typically have no history of the disorder in their family. Nevertheless, it is possible for a child to inherit a broken chromosome from a parent who also had the disorder.About 10 percent of individuals with Cri-du-chat syndrome will inherit the chromosome constipation from an unaffected parent. In these cases, the parent carries a chromosomal rearrangement called a balanced translocation, in which no genetic material is gained or lost. Balanced translocations usually do not cause any health problems however, they can become unbalanced as they are passed to the next geneproportionn. Children who inherit an unbalanced translocation can have a chromosomal rearrangement with extra or missing genetic material. Individuals with cri-du-chat syndrome who inherit an unbalanced translocation are missing genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 5, which results in the keen disability and health problems characteristic of this disorder. It is estimated that mostcri-du-chat syndromecases are the result of de novo deletions (about 80%), some derive from a familial rearrangement (12%), and only a few furnish other rare cytogenetic aberrations, such as mosaicism (3%), rings (2.4%), and de novo translocations (3%).Gene(s) responsible or implicated in the disorderCri-du-chat syndrome is quite a rare disorder. It was initiative identified by the geneticist Jerome Lejeune in 1963 who also discovered the genetic abnormality that causes Down syndrome. Cri-du-chat syndrome is the result of a genetic deletion on chromosome 5. It is believed that this disorder is the result of a faulty mechanism during the development of the egg or sperm. Curiously, in 80 percent of the cases, the chromosome carrying the deletion comes from the fathers sperm rather than the mothers egg.When deletions occur during the formation of an egg or sperm, it is caused by unequal recombination during meiosis. Recombination normally occurs between pairs of chromosomes during meiosis while they are lined up at the metaphase plate. If the pairs of chromosomes dont line up correctly, or if the chromosome breaks arent repaired properly, the social system of the chromosome can be altered. When unequal recombination occurs at this location on chromosome 5, it causes cri-du-chat syndrome.Generally, (80-85%) are due to sporadic de novo deletion of 5p (15.3 15.2). Approximately 10-15% of cases are the result of the unequal segregation of the parental translocation in which the 5p monosomy is often accompanied by a trisomic portion of the genome. The phenotypes in these individuals may be more severe than in those with isolated monosomy of 5p because of this redundant trisomic portion of the genome. In most cases they involve terminal deletions with 30-60% loss of 5p material. Fewer than 10% of patients have other rare cytogenetic aberrations (eg, interstitial deletions, mosaicisms, rings and de novo translocations). A minority of cases result from champion parent carrying a rearrangement of chromosome 5 called a translocation and passing this on to the baby. The occurrence of mosaicism is also a very rare finding, with relative frequency estimated at about 3% of patients. Chromosomal mosaicism involves a cell line with a 5p deletion and a cell line with a normal karyotype or a 5p deletion withrearranged cell linesGenot ype-phenotype studies incri-du-chat syndromeled to the identification of two separate chromosomal regions, hemizygosity that is associated with specific phenotypes. A deletion of 5p15.3 results in the manifestation of a catlike parole, whereas a deletion of 5p15.2 results in the presentation of the other major clinical features of the syndrome. Moreover, a region for speech delay in 5p15.3 has been identified.Population geneticsCri-du-chat is one of the most common syndromes caused by a chromosomal deletion. It affects between 1 in 20,000 and 1 in 50,000 babiesThe name of this syndrome is French for cry of the cat, referring to the distinctive cry of children with this disorder. The cry is caused by abnormal larynx development, one of the many symptoms associated with this disorder. It usually becomes less noticeable as the baby gets older, making it difficult for doctors to diagnose cri-du-chat afterwards age two. Cri-du-chat is caused by a deletion (the length of which may vary) on the short arm of chromosome 5. Multiple genes are missing as a result of this deletion, and each may contribute to the symptoms of the disorder. One of the deleted genes known to be involved is TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase). This gene is important during cell division because it athletic supporters to keep the tips of chromosomes (telomeres) intact. This disorder does not seem to be influenced by race or age of the mother. However, a significant female predominance is observed in affected newborns, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.721.Clinical featuresBabies with cri-du-chat usually are small at birth, and may have respiratory problems. Often, the larynx doesnt develop correctly, which causes the signature cat-like cry. The characteristic cry is perceptually and acoustically similar to the mewing of kittens. This unusual cry is due to both structural abnormalities of the larynx laryngeal hypoplasia and to CNS dysfunction. The appearance of the laryngeal may be norma l or may exhibit a range of anatomical abnormalities such as floppy epiglottis, small larynx, and asymmetric vocal cords. However, the cause of this characteristic cry cannot only if be ascribed to the larynx. It seems that a problem in the brain development most likely at the cranial base play a role in the development of the signature cry of the syndrome. This cat like cry is not a permanent feature, indeed, it usually disappears over time.Furthermore, distinctive external features are slackly present too. Patients may have microcephaly, an unusually round face, widely set eyes, a small chin, folds of skin over the eyes, and a small bridge of the nose. there are also several problems that occur inside the body too. A small number of children are born with heart defects, muscular or emaciated problems, hearing or sight problems, and/or poor muscle tone. As they grow, people with cri-du-chat usually have difficulty walking and talking correctly. They may have behavior problems (such as hyperactivity or aggression), and severe psychical retardation. If no major organ defects or other critical medical conditions exist, life expectancy is normal. Indeed, with coeval interventions, the chance of survival to adulthood is possible. Currently, the mortality rate of cri-du-chat syndrome is 6-8% in the overall population. Pneumonia, congenital heart defects, and respiratory distress syndrome are the most common causes of death.Pathogenesis (if known) at that place is no known risk factors that can contribute to the development of this disorder. Doctors most often identify cri-du-chat by the infants cat-like cry. Other signs are microcephaly, poor muscle tone, and mental retardation. However, it is possible to test for cri-du-chat (and other chromosomal abnormalitites) while the baby is still in the womb. There are two ways of doing so. Doctors can either test a tiny sample of tissue from outside the sac where the baby develops (chorionic villus sampling (CVS)), or test a sample of the amniotic fluid (amniocentesis). facultative Other important section(s) for your disorderAlthough there is no real treatment for cri-du-chat syndrome, children with the disorder can go through therapy to improve their language skills, motor skills, and to help them develop as normally as possible.

Strategic Planning For An Information Systems Business Essay

strategical provision For An Information governing bodys Business EssayOver the past decade, the growth of breeding remains has been tremendous. However, personal credit line presidencys need to be cautious in adopting every form of technology so as to reap the benefits. They rescue to c argonfully study and go under which one is appropriate for an organisation to substance abuse. Thereby, enable each organisation to strive its refinement.Currently breeding systems are essential in any organisation un corresponding decades before. There are distinct types of teaching systems. Any lodge should buzz off a hap understanding on the appropriate ones for the specific usage. Thereby, essential to digest info technology experts or managers who pull up stakes advice the company on what systems to use to be able to minimise costs and add value to a production line organisation.More so, managers and staff would subsist how to accept the changes brought about by the infor mation systems positively to enable them to work properly towards achieving the pre determined goals.The word gives an ex blueprintation as to what information system entails as pertaining to a trade organisation or company and how it should be use hand in hand with the strategic grooming to en indis gradeable the smooth travel rapidly of any organisation and its success. It further entails and gives example of two companies and how they operate with regards to information systems and the strategic plans of a business.It is merely limited to the technological aspect and the foreseen targets for the exercise readiness of an organisation, it does not incorporate early(a) factors that enhance efficient management. Only two companies found in the UK were utilise to show case the study at hand.The member entails an evaluatory research of information systems and the strategic be after of two companies play along A and play along B.Thereby, giving a basis of how the companies should use the two concurrently. It is also descriptive in the sense that it gives a clear picture on the application of eight tenets.The research in the hold is interpretative in the sense that it the reader enlightens the reader on what is needed or expected to ensure aptitude on the management of information systems alongside with the strategic plans of the organisation.IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDYStrategic planning is a tool used in any business organisation to show where the organisation wants to be or achieve in future. about strategies are either short term or long term depending on the organisation itself.However, the business origination is not as it used to be due to the technological changes and advancements. In some business organisations, departments comport been done away with while others have newly emerged due to computerisation. Customers are able to fill with suppliers or producers directly thus eliminating the use intermediaries as was before. Furthermore the in ternet has greatly changed the business scene.It is apparent that any organisation has to do modifications so as to keep up with the ever-changing and rising demand for technology. An organisation has to be abreast with its information system so that it potful know its existing competitors in the current business situation. Basically, have an over project of the current situational needs and changes of an organisation resulting into identifying the strengths and weaknesses both internally and externally and if need be correct to ensure maximum success.The article intelligibly emphasizes on the need of both information system and strategic planning for the in operation(p) efficiency. It clearly shows the difficulties of managing the former since planning is systematic whilst technology is not. just about companies incorporate the two distinctly and are nonetheless winning while others do not. All this depends on the type, size and location of the business organisation.Much as both information system and strategic planning are instilled, an organisation needs to exploit the opportunities and threats to ensure its survival and success. This study is meant to provide a mannequin for the use of information systems in an organisation such that it will enhance effectiveness and efficiency.In view of this, superb operational efficiency does not only entail strategic planning but also involves other factors like effective management as well, so as to enhance the success of any organisation. separate factors that need to be considered to ensure the smooth running of any organisation include good employer/employee relationship, good communication among staff and so on. dot OF CONTRIBUTION AND ORIGINALITYIn the 80s and 90s, as a result of infrastructure development of organizational capabilities there has become a necessity to expand the concept of information systems which have strategic importance in any business organisation. Later, with the working out of e fficacy of any type of computer system led to the strategic planning of information systems to become an fundamental issue. The priorities in a plan of the development of systems need to be identified into specific projects planned for the future. For any company, it is very important to have a business plan in the capacity of a flexible and constant development of organizational capabilities which leads not only to profit and expansion of the company, but also it is one of the foundations of stable competitive advantage.Various causes who have made a big contribution into the development of Strategic Information Systems Planning such as John Ward, Joe Peppard, Martin J., Earl MJ, and George Philip. Moreover, an important contribution in this area has been made by reasons or researchers such as Samandra Pant and Cheng Hsu. They presented their work on an international conference, which was a prerequisite for the large development Strategic Information Systems Planning.Consequentl y, a set of different theoretical and practical researches are seen. If a mate is drawn between the two researches, most of the fore mentioned authors rely on the theoretical basis. However, among the listed authors only George Philip uses an academic theory in practice. The importance of his work lies in the fact that he is trying to reduce the distance between the theoretical address to business processes and application to the two companies. George Philip has made research based on related literature on Strategic Information Systems Planning thus on basis of eight tenets by showing an example of two companies in the different areas of development.In analyzing the article it can be said that the level of the research was evaluated to give a clear centre on the usage of information systems and strategic planning concurrently. The generated work by the author shows that there was summarization of the related sources in the area and created a new direction for any business organis ation to forge ahead in the ever-changing technological world. While it is very difficult to describe that the approach is original it still creates a good overview of the information and creates awareness that in information systems more or new research has to be done al ways to keep up with the changes in business scene to match up with technology.THEORETICAL ARGUMENTAs seen 8 tenets were used to show the utilization of both the strategic plans and information systems for the success of any business organisation. The researcher tries to create a perfect model of business development on how any business organisation can be successful by use of the tenets. However, any business organisation can still be successful without following the models. Various methodologies have been put forward towards the rule of strategic planning and information systems. Thereby, any business organisation can choose any methodology to develop their business based on their capabilities and targets.The us e of eight tenets and methodologies used is a clear indication of a grounded theory whereby the underlying belief is that the info holds the clue to the explanation. In this case, the eight tenets and that the explanations are meaning(prenominal) to those whose actions are being studied. (Denscombe, 2003, pg124).This is not appropriate because little scope is given to other factors that also affect the performance of a business organisation like the economic factors and social factors.RESEARCH METHODS ADOPTEDThere are two methodologies information systems that is impact and align methodologies (Lee and Gough, 1993 Booth and Philip, 2005). The importance of impact methodology is to achieve competitive advantage through the usage of information technology whilst the primary(prenominal) purpose of the align methodologies is to a establish symbiosis relationship between information system strategy and objectives of the business itself. (Reich and Benbasat, 2000).It is apparent that t he most prevailing planning methods are the one that take a top-down business-led approach (Premkumar and King 1994), and are designed to bring about contribution between the information systems strategy and the business strategy. Align methodology includes the exploitation strategy, which generally goes through two main stagesTop-down analysis for clarifying business needs and identifying Information System requirements.Bottom-up evaluation of already existing Information System for evaluation their effectiveness. match methodology includes the geographic expedition strategy which aims to provide the strategic or competitive advantage for the business.The research analysis used in the article was soft method. The method, in contrast to the quantitative method which focuses on the statistical measurements, relied on theunderstanding, explanation and interpretation of empirical data and the sources of the formation of hypotheses and productive ideas. In simple terms, qualitative me thod does not respond to the questions of How much? What? How? and why?. Furthermore, in qualitative method, researches widely use projective and enabling techniques.By exposing some facts from the article, it is evident to know the pertinence of the method of research used. Various authors used for research case study, questionnaires, scientific articles, text, observation , documents and thereafter, resulted into 8 tenets for information systems planning, this shows that the qualitative research method was mostly used appropriately in the research of information systems. (Orlikowski and Baroudi, 1991 Alavi and Carlson, 1992).In addition the above said confirmed the following expression that using the case study, as a line of work-solving technique, which is rarely undertaken in organisations since case studies dealing with problems similar to the one experienced by a particular organisation of a particular size and in a particular type of setting are difficult to find. More to t hat, Secaran (2000) suggested that the data collection methods like personal interviews within various groups in the organisation (primary data), query of companys reports, data, academic and industry reports (secondary data) were used as an example of the qualitative research methods.The basis of research was proposed by the two strategies exploitation strategy and exploration strategy. In the article we have used primary sources (researches) Text and empirical data for interpretation. (http//wire.rutgers.edu/research_assignments_pri_second.html) and secondary sources (researches)-Research based on the work of others. Literature that interpret or stimulation upon the primary sources (http//wire.rutgers.edu/research_assignments_pri_second.html).There are always two types of validity which are internal validity and external validity. The former of this was an output made by the author after the study, or the result obtained on the basis of the study. In this article, it is seen on the use of two types of strategies and review of 8 tenets for successful information systems planning. The latter refers to generalization. outer validity was seen as a conclusion made by the author after the cross comparison of the case study of the two companies. It is not clear enough whether to talk on the internal and external actions of the case, although the primary and secondary sources of data are available. The article does include any new methods. As seen, that the author used a more qualitative methods, with all its attendant properties. Thereby making the study based on the two strategies and the reviewing of eight tenets.KEY FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONSCurrently, the world is in the technological era. People and business organisations are using information systems to make life easier. In the article, there are some strategies used to have a very strategic information systems plan and making sure that those companies reach their goal.The discussion based on the study was on the exploitation and exploration strategies. According to the Galliers, (2001) the companys information systems strategy should employ the two strategies. The exploitation strategy, is mainly focused on how to improve the operational efficiency of a company whilst in exploration strategy, it is usually used to make any business organisation have a competitive advantage. (Philip, 2007)The case study emphasized the need for operational efficiency in any business organisation. Operational efficiency is when the company uses the function combination of people and technology to enhance the productivity of the business operation while making sure that they are still in the budget. (Ensynch, 2009) Companies must ensure that they have the right technology and people to be efficient in the effective running of any business organisation. However, companies are facing difficulties in obtaining qualified employees who have technological skills and knowledge. They always need to as definite whether the employees have the right qualifications. (Ensynch, 2009).It dwelled on the Eight Tenets in having a successful Information system planning in order to be efficient when it comes to the operations of any business organisation. They are as follows (Philip, 2007)Developing a Business and Information System Strategy concurrently.Using Top-Down and Bottom-Up Listening and CommunicationDeveloping a High-Level plan with broad principles, not specific actions.Should have the support of the Top-ManagementUsing Opportunistic Methods.Mandate Proactive ImplementationBuild in a Frequent Review Process and Contingency PlanningInformation Technology Leaders are technology scouts and interpretersDeveloping a business and information system strategy concurrently, is when we ascertain that the business plan and the information system plan go hand in hand. The process involves the entire executive team with the head teacher Information Officer.Communication is one factor that makes the p lan successful. Taking to the employees would serve well them in their planning. The company needs to know what the employees think about a certain situation and also, those employees would help them to generate some ideas to make sure that the plan made would be successful. Getting feedback regarding the performance of the systems is also important so the company would know whether the system is doing fine or not and whether it needs improvement or not.Making sure that the plan made is high-level enough meaning the plan should allow some changes when implementing the program without rewriting the whole plan. By doing this, they could focus on making a solution when they overcome a problem rather than making the plan a throw.Support from the top management is crucial in having a successful plan. The senior executives must be active and makes sure that they have the correct materials to make the plan. They should also take an immediate action when they faced a problem regarding the plan.The company should make sure that their plan is put into practice proactively in order to maximize the benefits of the plan. They should make sure that the implemented strategy is to be effective to avoid any problems or inconveniences when the plan is implemented.Reviewing the plan is also crucial. Normally, the company reviews their plan at least twice a year and managers and information technology personnel usually review the plan. The reviewing of plan help the hirer Information Officer to know if they are still on budget or not. Also, they would know whether the plan is doing great whether they are reaching their goal or not.Lastly, the Chief Information Officer should have the knowledge when it comes to the development of the information systems plan. The Chief Information Officer acts like a technology scout in an organization. They should make sure that the technology used incorporates with the mission and vision of the company. The Chief Information Officer should als o be aware of the latest technologies in the market. He/she should know the right time of investing a new technology. They should make sure that when they buy a new technology, it still fits within the organisations budget. The Chief Information Officer should know the business language and the technology language for proper interpretation and usage of both technological and business terms.LIMITATIONSCase studies have become extremely widespread in research. When researchers dwell on a case study they look into a set of related ideas and preferences thus when combine give the approach its distinctive character. However they are not unique in the sense that the basis of investing has always been done already. (Denscombe, 2003, pg 31).The article is clearly a case study on use and applicability of information systems and strategic planning for the operational efficiency of any business organisation. Various authors have put forward their opinions whilst theories written for justifica tion purposes. However, no solid generalisations can be made in the sense that it would depend on ones advantageous view point of the whole scenario and understanding as pertaining to any business organisation. A manager would chose to adopt whatever benefits the company. There is no exact formula or specific way of managing the two concurrently to achieve the organisations pre-determined goals. The other issue is that information represented in the case possibly is not fully accredited and accurate. There is always risk that case can contain errors and inaccuracy.Apparently, the article based the research work on a qualitative approach. However, two methods of approach should have been used, that is the qualitative approach and the quantitative approach, to produce an unbiased end result. In the former, it is always natural for the researcher view not to be eliminated in the process.The other limitation as clearly seen in the article is whereby only two companies from the UK have been used in the research work. This is not adequate. It should have relate more companies since planning and use of information systems is vital to any organisation. There was also a variation in the way he provided and collected the data in that the companies are internationally based but only sited the UK one. However, different approaches or theories may apply differently to different nationalities due to technological factors, heathen barriers, political barriers and so forth.Furthermore, the comparison made on the two articles lacked equality. The dates of the research analysis done were different, In company A it was dated 2003 whilst in Company B it was dated 2004.Since the author rated the performance of each companion on the technological basis, it was not appropriate because how a company performs depends also on other factors like inflation rate, the countrys fiscal year and perhaps the national income for 2003 may not have been the same as for 2004.It is logic for pla ns and the way information systems are handled to change from time to time in the sense of recent information. Information systems and plans of any article also provide recent information to be used but the research obtained dates back 5 years or 6 years or so. The article did not present how all these statements should change in the fast growing and developing business environments thus no exact description of how all this eight tenets can be effective.More so, the researcher should have used real life current situations to assert his reasoning and conclusions. Other theoretical findings should have been included to give a thorough and more tiny understanding of the research at hand.Other limitations in the researchers article included the failure to discuss the possible effects that would happen to both companies given the tenets and that Company A did not follow most of the tenets but still remained successful.SUGGESTIONSIn this current technological era, companies are using tec hnology to make work easier and gain competitive advantage in any business world. However, there are some companies who are not using the full capacity of technology in terms of being competitive in the market.Companies are not enthusiastic in employing the Strategic Information Systems Planning due to the fact it is expensive and it will not help in the attainment of long term objectives. In addition, other companies do not use information system and strategic planning due to lack of proper knowledge of the technological factors or others may be due to ignorance. However, to be competitive in the market, Strategic Information System Planning needs to be incorporated to enhance the performance of the business and aid in the normal operations of a company thus ensuring efficiency.Other companies should have been used in the research process. It should not only be based on this two companies when using the eight tenets since every company is different on how they approach activities c arried out in any business organisation.The researcher should have explained more on the eight tenets. It is not stated in the article on the effects of the eight tenets and the usefulness of the tenets on any business organisation. The researcher should also have emphasized more on the eight tenets and how it can affect the fast moving and developing companies. Companies should not only use the eight tenets just to make an information systems strategy, but try to look for ways on how to have an efficient operating system.CONCLUSSIONStrategic planning and information systems are vital components in any companys goal in achieving operational efficiency and in giving assistance in the companys decision-making activities. However, prudency is needed when incorporating the two for the business to earn maximum benefits.In doing so, the researcher tried to explain on the relevance of information system and strategic planning, in the article, by the introduction of eight tenets acting as guidelines. Thereby, any business organisation would be able to decide the best ways on how to handle the two for operational efficiency of the organizations.Apart from the framework given, further explanations and an exhaustive research should have been brought to attention so as to make clear generalisations thereafter, thus make applicability in any business organisation easier to comprehend and follow.All in all, the message was still passed across by the researcher on the comparisons and differentiation on how different companies, in this case, Company A and Company B, apply the 8 tenets for successful information systems and the strategic planning for operational efficiency. Thereby, enabling an analysis to be done on such a case study.

Christian Reflections On Money Sex And Power Religion Essay

Christian Reflections On Money Sex And Power Religion set aboutFoster, Richard J., The Challenge of the Disciplined Life Christian Reflections on Money, Sex Power (New York HarperCollins Publishers, 1985), pp 260.The Background Information on the AuthorRichard J. Forster is an author in the Quaker tradition of several bestselling passwords, including Celebration of Discipline, Streams of Living Water, and Prayer, which was Christianity to years book of the Year and the winner of the Gold Medallion Award from the Evangelical Christian Publishers Association. He has been a professor at Friends University and pastor of Evangelical Friends churches. He is also the fo chthonic of Renovar (Renovar exits to inspire and support passel in developing an integrated and fulfilled life as a disciple of Jesus Christ).He was married to Carolynn in 1967 and has two children, Joel and Nathan and they now reside in Denver, Colorado.The Summary of ContentAs it is revealed in the title, the three i ssues are concepts that humankind has come together with them for a long. There are no more words that can be explained than these three words exactly and clearly. No one cannot be free and confidence in front of these words in this valet. It might be tied to all three issues or roughly people might show their weaknesses in particular one.Then now, let us fox a look at three religious take downs of go steady that what Richard Forster is trying to say.MoneyFirst, the Mammon which is the material idol that it is frequently discussed with God. The bible declares the money as a Mammon, gives a spiritual and personal quality, and gives adjective unrighteous (Luke 169) in front of money. The money to Jesus Christ means it is idolatry that we must turn against for heading toward him because the money decisively has almightiness upon us. Thus, the bible does not exactly criticise about unrighteous money, entirely also gives a strict warning to people who gained gamyes earnestly suc h as a rich man (Luke 161931) in the parable of the Rich man and Lazarus and a rich farmer (Luke 121321) who might have been simple and hard working.The author prescribes about the money that money is spiritual being and describes about light and dark side of money. It does not simply describe superficially, solely it is speaking realistically in the biblical aspect.He emphasises to use money for a purpose of the kingdom of God rather than simply running remote from it. To use money rather than served. It is emphasised mastering against money. Then, what can we do in regard to control and master against the money? It will have to visualise to control money throughout giving which is insulting behaviour about money.The light side of money presents Gods grace and surprisingly, this is the way of improving relationship in the midst of God and us. God said that use worldly wealth to gain friends (Luke 169). We have to know about the poisonous librate of money clearly. However, we h ave to conquer money and use it for the uneconomic purpose rather than ref exploitation money.SexSecond, it is the period of all overflowing of grammatical gender without asking questions nowadays. There is no place anywhere in the street for our eyes because of every kind sex appeal as well as TV and Internet. The author says that the issue of our times these days is not because of too much emphasis on sex, but on the contrary, it is caused by not to be emphasised enough to deal with sex. It is a matter of course that the sex can destroy us if not to be careful and moderate by its characteristic. However, we miss blessing of sex, which is given to us as a gift due to our distortional eyes.The sex, which is not the enemy of Spirituality is a friend. The Genesis admits our sex, and the Song of Songs blesses it. However, the sin has distorted the sex. Therefore, the Christians challenge is to straighten our understanding of sex and transpose into the perfect appearance of sex throu ghout distortional appearance of sex. The principle of marriage in accordance with Gods will, should look out for other peoples happiness and ourselves, and cave in to building the kingdom of God on this world. The sex is a great and blessed gift in all respects those who married.PowerFinally, he is dictum about the function. As is generally known that the money is like power in this world, and the money, power and sex is all related to the corruption deeply.The power of the world appears destruction of the relationship due to distinction between the strong and the weak. This destructive power cut off the equal relationships and it appears that one human being reigns over one another. On the other hand, the fictive power is completed from serving that we discover the creativity from the example of Jesus, who personally served to die for us. The creative power which recovers miserable relationships and raises up each other, is displayed from the aspect of serving.On the positive side, the creative power gives life, joy and peace. It is freedom and not bondage, life and not death, transformation and not coercion. The creative power is spiritual and the power proceeds from God.EvaluationDoes the author deal with both(prenominal) positive and negative side of issue?The author is saying both sides about the money and power. In respect of the power, he looks upon the creative power as positive side.What is the unique, important and interesting point of this book?First, the unique point is that it is saying about the money, sex and power. There are no more words that can be explained than these three words exactly and clearly. That is why this book is interesting.Who should read this book and what concepts of this book can be applied to ministry?The money, sex and power is important and meaningful theme that it is not only Christian but also all people. Christian may feel like a taboo about these three concepts but cannot live without it. Richard Foster analyse s the money, sex and power which gives people a meaning and delivers Gods messages clearly.ConclusionWe are occasionally living under the many temptations, and sometimes we are not aware that what it is right and do by to be involved in a wave of the world and valves. Then most Christians reaction is one of two that either they forget the truth under the things of the world, or they treat things as corruption and evil and strongly deny them.For this reason, the author Richard Foster is deeply dealing with three areas which people easily square off into temptation that anyone is easy to commit a sin.The money and power is all given from God and these are neither good nor bad. However, there are sure enough two different sides on them. It is hard to agree with, but there must be evil force in there. By knowing this matter, when using good side, we could use money and power wisely that is given to us.The only sex has no evil part. This is Gods blessing to permit to us. However, it i s feeling that many people give a too much meaning and concentrate on having a sex or not because the Satan may probably be interested in deteriorating our gift which is given from God.The money, sex and power, these three issues will be important value to control us. The money threatens a pocket, the sex threatens a bedroom and the power threatens our relationships. In this period of temptation that it is never discerned what is right and wrong, this book is useful and necessary indeed.

Donald Trump Promotes Classical Liberalism Essay -- Classical Liberali

Classical liberalism was the dominant ideology of capitalism during theperiods of eighteenth century. It view was wide accepted. It said that administration should just sit back and watch business so they do not cheat thegovernment also to enforce contracts. The clean had many assents they werePsychological, economic, and ,political. from each one view has its own points. Inthis paper I will discuss those points and show you how Donald Trump is a unmixedliberalist.Psychological creed of classical liberalism is base on four assumptionsof human nature. People were believed to be egoistic, coldly calculating,essential inert, and atomistic. Hobbes a economics argued that people weremotivated by the bank for pleasure and to quash pain. Jeremy Bentham believedpleasure differ in intensity but there was no qualitative difference. He arguedthat quality of pleasure being equal, to a pushpin is as good as poetry, Thetheory he is trying to say about human motivation is that the we are laz y andselfish.A salient part of classical liberalism is that we are coldly calculating.Being coldly calculating means that when a situation comes about we disseverwhat will make us gather in less(prenominal) pain and more pleasure. Although the humanmotivation is by pleasure it is the decision that are cold, selfish,dispassionate, and rational assessment of the situation to choose how to excludethe pain and receive the pleasure. The emphasis on the importance of rationalmeasurement... Donald Trump Promotes Classical Liberalism Essay -- Classical LiberaliClassical liberalism was the dominant ideology of capitalism during theperiods of eighteenth century. It view was widely accepted. It said thatgovernment should just sit back and watch business so they do not cheat thegovernment also to enforce contracts. The classical had many creeds they werePsychological, economic, and ,political. Each view has its own points. Inthis paper I will discuss those points and show you how Donald Trump is a classicalliberalist.Psychological creed of classical liberalism is based on four assumptionsof human nature. People were believed to be egoistic, coldly calculating,essential inert, and atomistic. Hobbes a economics argued that people weremotivated by the desire for pleasure and to avoid pain. Jeremy Bentham believedpleasure differ in intensity but there was no qualitative difference. He arguedthat quality of pleasure being equal, to a pushpin is as good as poetry, Thetheory he is trying to say about human motivation is that the we are lazy andselfish.A big part of classical liberalism is that we are coldly calculating.Being coldly calculating means that when a situation comes about we disseverwhat will make us receive less pain and more pleasure. Although the humanmotivation is by pleasure it is the decision that are cold, selfish,dispassionate, and rational assessment of the situation to choose how to avoidthe pain and receive the pleasure. The emphasis on t he importance of rationalmeasurement...

Essay --

Everyone is born with sexual desire (Kalb). Therefore, sex is sometimes successful when apply in advertising to sell products beca drop consumers can easily relate to its tempting value (Does Sex Really Sell?). Sex in advertising is the use of explicit sexual content or suggestions in order to sell a service or product. It has been stated that sex is one of the primal urges engraft in humans, and this underlying, pre-programmed disposition to respond to sexual imagery is so strong, it has been used for over 100 years in advertising (Sugget). However, using sex in advertising to sell products is only successful if the right group of commonwealth atomic number 18 targeted, the product is sex-related, or the advertising company is popular and well-experienced enough to right on use this marketing strategy.Personalization and relevancy are important components when trying to deliver advertising campaigns that are successful. The basic and essential goal of many advertisers is ob taining the attention of the audience that they are targeting (Cyprus). As the internet has improved over the last 20 years, it has become much easier for sexually graphic material to find its way into peoples homes. By targeting the right people, sexual ads can sometimes attract the viewers attention. For example, sex is sometimes more effective when young men are the target (Does Sex Really Sell?). Men are typically attracted to provocative imagery in ads. Studies by popular magazines such as FHM and precept have shown that semi-naked and sexy women on the magazines cover attract men more than a magazine with a famous male leash on the cover would, even if the famous male is someone that the men would like to read about. Men genetically respond to sexually provoca... ...such as David and capital of Seychelles Beckham, Christiano Ronaldo, and Meagan Fox.Meanwhile, Nissan displays sexy women in bikinis in their ads. In 2011 viewers were disappointed to see a Nissan commer cial featuring a comparison of a model wearing a bikini and a Nissan Juke side-by-side. Many people did not find the ad amusing, claiming that it was rather sexist, instead of sexy. These companies logic is to demonstrate how their products can help set up consumers needs of love, desire, intimacy, and romance (Rogers).We are sexual beings, and therefore, marketers use consumers sexual impulses to their advantage (Raszl). Sex has traditionally been a topic not talked about or openly discussed, but today it is rarely taken as a surprise (Does Sex Really Sell?). It can be concluded that although sex doesnt always sell, it definitely draws some form of attention (Kalb).