B1 Corn as GMO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

B1 Corn as GMO - Essay ExampleThis cDNA run aground is then isolated and cloned or duplicated for the purpose of transformation into another species and this transformation shape is made affirmable with the help of the bacterium known as Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Peel, 2001). This particular bacterium infects specific woody dicotyledonous plant species, where certain parts of the Agrobacterium circular DNA known as Ti plasmid can insert themselves into the host plants cell (Peel, 2001). The host plant, which is the feed plant in this particular experiment, then expresses the Bt gene (Peel, 2001). If this particular transformation process is not opted for, then the gene blast can be utilized. The other transformation process is the use of gold particles and coating them with target genes, such(prenominal) as Bt genes in our example (Peel, 2001). Using a gene gun, the genes atomic number 18 shot into the single cells of the clavus plant without the help of the Agrobacterium in a process known as particle speedup (Peel, 2001). Now that the Bt genes ar already incorporated into the lemon yellow whiskey plant, a series of tests should confirm the potency of the bacterial gene. Plant tissue culture is the next step. Individual cells of the corn plant are obtained for culture and are subjected to the transformation process, which basically involves the elimination of non-transformed cells using a method that involves the use of selectable marker genes (Peel, 2001). The cultured corn plant cells are then treated with herbicide or antibiotic, and whole corn plants called Bt corn plants are then grown from the seeds of those cultured cells that eventually survive (Peel, 2001). If the Bt corn plant expresses the trait even aft(prenominal) several generations using laboratory techniques, then it is believed to be stable and can now be bred using conventional agricultural methods and the final test would be for it to be able to stand environmental conditions (P eel, 2001). The process of transformation of the corn gene into the Bt corn gene involves a crucial intermediate step where, sooner the Bt gene is inserted into the corn plant, it is first modified with promoters that would later on be recognized by the corn plant itself (Peel, 2001). This step and particularly these promoters is most crucial to the development of the toxic properties of the Bt corn plant. Because of these promoters, Bt corn encodes vaporous proteins from the bacteria that are responsible for larvae toxicity (Peel, 2001). Upon the Bt corn being eaten, these crystalline proteins, or Cry proteins, leave alone bind to the insects midgut and cause a water imbalance that will eventually bust the cells and kill the pest (Peel, 2001). There are currently two types of promoters used in developing the Bt corn plant the CaMV35S promoter and the PEP carboxylase promoter. The former expresses the toxicity of the Cry proteins in all plant tissues including the photosyntheti c parts as well as the ears, roots and tassels, thus killing all insects that subsist on any part of the plant (Peel, 2001). On the other hand, the PEP carboxylase promoter, due to its exclusive affinity to cells that actively manufacture photosynthetic proteins, expresses the toxic properties of the crystalline proteins only in the photosyntheti